CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON RELIGIOSITY, WORK-LIFE BALANCE (WLB) AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIs)
Keywords:
Work-life Balance (WLB), Employee Performance, Religiosity.
Abstract
Working from home (WFH) is now becoming a new normal, and today it brings a big change in the way people think and act. However, some people find that working from home is a big challenge, especially for those with families and young children. This is not easy and it leads to stress and burdens because the employees were not able to share a good time with their family and work demands. This study aims to identify the influencing factors of Work-life balance (WLB) on employee performance and moderating effect of religiosity towards WLB and employee performance of HEIs. The study will be used to accumulate empirical literature by the name of religiosity towards WLB and employee performance in different online database sources. The review findings show that there is a significant effect of WLB especially, technological, institutional, and individual factors are considered the most influential effects on employee performance. This study also identified that there is a moderating effect of religiosity towards WLB and employee performance of HEIs. The findings will be used to develop a reach framework and will be conducted a rigorous depth study and will be drawn policy guidelines for further improvement of WLB and employee performance in HEIs.
References
Abbas, J., Muzaffar, A., Mahmood, H. K., Ramzan, M. A., & Rizvi, S. S. U. H. (2014). Impact of Technology on Performance of Employees (A Case Study on Allied Bank Ltd, Pakistan). World Applied Sciences Journal, 29(2), 271-276.
Alhazemi, A., A., & Ali, W. (2016). The Notion of Work-Life Balance, Determining Factors, Antecedents and Consequences: A Comprehensive Literature Survey. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 4(8), 74-85.
Al-Goaib, S. (2003). Religiosity and social conformity of university students: an analytical study applied at King Saoud University. Arts Journal of King Saoud University, 16(1), 51-99.
Atkinson, C., & Hall, L. (2011). Flexible working and happiness in the NHS. Employee Relations, 33(2), 88-105. 10.1108/01425451111096659.
Au, W. C., & Ahmed, P. K. (2016). Relationships between superior support, work role stressors and work-life experience. Personnel Review, 45(4), 782-803.
Basu, S., Karmakar, A., Bidhan, V., Kumar, H., Brar, K., Pandit, M., & N.Latha. (2020). Impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 outbreak: lifestyle changes and public health concerns in India. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2), 1385-1411.
Bjarntoft, S., Hallman, D., M., Mathiassen, S., E., Larsson, J., and Jahnke, H. (2020). Occupational and Individual Determinants of WLB among Office Workers with Flexible Work Arrangements. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1-15.
Capnary, M. C., Rachmawati, R., & Agung, I. (2018). The influence of flexibility of work to loyalty and employee satisfaction mediated by work-life balance to employees with millennial generation background in Indonesia start-up companies. Business: Theory and Practice, 19(2), 217-227.
Darto, M., Setyadi, D., Riadi, S. S., & Hariyadi, S. (2015). The effect of transformational leadership, religiosity, job satisfaction, and organizational culture on organizational citizenship behaviour and employee performance in the regional offices of the national institute of public administration, Republic of Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(23), 205-219.
Dauda, Y. A., & Akingbade, W. A. (2011). Technological Change and Employee Performance in Selected Manufacturing Industry in the Lagos State of Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(5), 32-43.
De Cieri, H., Holmes, B., Abbott, J., & Pettit, T. (2005). Achievements and challenges for work/life balance strategies in Australian organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1), 90-103. DOI: 10.1080/0958519042000295966
Fayzhall, M., Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Basuki, S., Mustofa, M., Hutagalung, D., Maesaroh, S., Winanti, W., Chidir, G., Goestjahjanti, F., & Andriyani, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kapabilitas Inovasi Guru Dalam Perspektif Organizational Learning. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 64-91.
Ferm, V. (1963). An encyclopaedia of religion, (pp. 647), London: Peter Owen.
Fiksenbaum, L. M. (2013). Supportive work-family environments: implications for work-family conflict and well-being. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(5), 653-672.
Gadecki, J., Jewdokimow, M., & Zadkowska, M. (2018). New Technologies and Family Life in The Context of Work at Home. The Strategies of Work‑Life Balance. Studia Humanistyczne AGH, 17(4), 77-89.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M. & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The Relation between Work-Family Balance and Quality of Life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510-531.
Hilbrecht, M., Shaw, S. M., Johnson, L. C., & Andrey, J. (2008). 'I'm home for the kids': Contradictory implications for the work-life balance of teleworking mothers. Gender, Work and Organization, 15(5), 454–476.
Hill, E., J., Hawkins, A., J., Ferris, M., & Weitzman, M. (2001). Finding an Extra Day, a Week: The Positive Effect of Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance. Family Relations, 50(1), 49-58.
Hjorth, T. L., Hoyer, M. G., Bramming, P., & Pedersen, M. (2011). Governing work through self-management. Ephemera Theory and Politics in Organization. 11(2), 97-104.
Huang, S. Y., Lee, C. H., Chui, A. A., & Yen, D. C. (2015). How Business Process Reengineering affects Information Technology Investment and Employee Performance Under Different Performance Measurement. Information System Frontiers, 17, 1133-1144.
Hyoung, K. H. (2014). Work-Life Balance and Employees’ Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal 6(1), 37-51.
Imran, M., Maqbool, N., & Shafique, H. (2014). Impact of Technology Advancement on Employee Performance in Banking Sector. International Journal of Human Studies, 4(1), 57-70.
International Labour Organization. (2020). Managing Work-Related Psychosocial Risks During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (1st Ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: ILO Publications.
Jumiran, J., Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y., Sutardi, D., Sasono, I., & Asbari, M. (2020). Pengaruh Dimensi Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasional: Studi Kasus pada Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 600-621.
Kahn, R., Wolfe, D., M., Quinn, R., P., & Snoek, J., D. (1964). Organizational Stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. In: Rushing W. A. (Ed), Social Forces, (pp. 591–592), New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Kamar, K., Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Winanti, & Goestjahjanti, F. S. (2019). Enhancing Employee Performance during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Readiness for Change Mentality. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 11(2), 154-166.
Kirchmeyer, C. (2000). Work-life initiatives: Greed or benevolence regarding workers’ time. In C. L. Cooper & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in organizational behaviour (pp.79–93). West Sussex, UK: Wiley.
Laker, B. (2020). How to Dramatically Improve WLB. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/benjaminlaker/2020/04/28/how-to-dramatically-improvework-life-balance-during-coronavirus-crisis/?sh=7103295b1e2a.
Latha, S. (2020). Work-Life Balance in Pandemic: A Conceptual Study of Problems and Challenges Faced by Working Women Professionals. Mukt Shabd Journal, IX (V), 6173-6179.
Makinson, P., Hundley, S., Feldhaus, C., & Fernandez, E. (2012). Mobile communications anytime, anywhere: The impact on work-life balance and stress. Frontiers in Education Conference Proceeding (pp 1-6). Seattle, USA, October 3-6. IEEE Publishing.
Marks S. R., & MacDermid, S. M. (1996). Multiple Roles and The Self: A Theory of Role Balance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 417-432.
Mat Yusof, M. R., Ridzuan, N., Azidin, A., Abdul Latif, M. M. R., & Ismail, I. (2014). The impact of work stress on work-life balance in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management 2(11): 4-6.
McCarthy, A., Darcy, C., & Grady, G. (2010). Work-life balance policy and practise: Understanding line manager attitudes and behaviours. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 158–167.
McCarty, W. B. (2007). Prayer in the Workplace: Risks and Strategies to Manage Them. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 2(1), 97-105.
McGraw, B. T., Putnam, R. D., & Campbell, D. E. (2012). Review of American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. The Journal of Politics, 74(4), E44.
MOHE. (2019). Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia (MOHE). Statistik Pendidikan Tinggi 2019: Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi. Retrieved from https://www.mohe.gov.my/
MOHE. (2021). Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia (MOHE). Retrieved from https://www.mohe.gov.my/
Morgan, P., & Lawton C. (Eds.). (1996). Ethical issues in six religious traditions, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Mumford, M. D. (2000). Managing Creative People: Strategies and Tactics for Innovation. Human Resource Management Review, 10(3), 313-351.
Narayanan, M. J., Anseel, F., Antonakis, J., Ashford, S. P., Bakker, A. B., & Vugt, M. V. (2021). COVID-19 and the Workplace: Implications, Issues, and Insights for Future Research and Action. Kniffin American Psychologist, 76(1), 63-77.
Ntalianis. F., & Darr, W. (2005). The influence of religiosity and work status on psychological contracts. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis,13(1), 89-102.
Osman-Gani, A. M., Hashim, J., & Ismail, Y. (2013). Establishing linkages between religiosity and spirituality on employee performance. Employee Relations, 35(4), 360-376.
Ozbilgin, M. F., Beauregard, T. A., Tatli, A., & Bell, M. P. (2011). Work-life, diversity and intersectionality: A critical review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13, 177–198. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00291.x
Rafikah, R. (2020). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosi Terhadap Employee Performance Melalui WLB Karyawan PT. Hasil Bantuan Cipta Perdana Gresik. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 8(2), 434-442.
Rupietta, K., & Beckmann, M. (2018). Working from Home. Schmalenbach Business Review, Springer; Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft, 70(1), 25-55.
Russo, M., Shteigman A. & Carmeli, A. (2016) Workplace and family support and work-life balance: Implications for individual psychological availability and energy at work. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(2), 173-188.
Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Cifre, E. (2013). The dark side of technologies: Technostress among users of information and communication technologies. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 422–436.
Sav, A. (2019). The role of religion in the work-life interface. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(22), 3223-3244.
Shagvaliyeva, S., & Yazdanifard, R. (2014). Impact of Flexible Working Hours on Work-Life Balance. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 4(1), 20-23.
Simarmata, R. M. (2020). Pengaruh Work from Home Terhadap Produktivitas Dosen Politeknik Negeri Ambon. Jurnal Ekonomi, Sosial & Humaniora, 2(1), 73-82.
Stawarx, K., Cox, A. L., Bird, J., & Benedyk, R. (2013). I’d Sit at Home and Do Work Emails: How Tablets Affect the Work-Life Balance of Office Workers. Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’13) (pp. 1383-1388). Paris, France, April 27 – May 2.
Sullivan, C., & Lewis, S. (2001). Home-based telework, gender, and the synchronization of work and family: Perspectives of teleworkers and their co-residents. Gender Work and Organization 8(2), 123–145.
Sullivan, O. (2000). The Division of Domestic Labour: Twenty Years of Change? Sociology, 34(3), 437-456.
Susilo, D. (2020). Revealing the Effect of Work-From-Home on Job Performance during the Covid-19 Crisis: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government. 26, 23-40.
Talukder, A. K. M., Vickers, M., & Khan, A. (2018). Supervisor support and work-life balance: Impacts on job performance in the Australian financial sector. Personnel Review 47(3), 727-744.
Vasconcelos, A. F. (2010). The effects of prayer on organizational life: a phenomenological study. Journal of Management and Organization, 16(3), 369-381.
Vyas, A., & Shrivastava, D. (2017). Factors Affecting Work-Life Balance - A Review. Pacific Business Review International, 9(7), 194-200.
Warren T. (2004) Working part-time: Achieving a successful work-life balance? The British Journal of Sociology, 55(1), 99-122.
Yadav, T., & Rani, S. (2015). Work-life balance: challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(11), 680–684.
Zahrah, N., Hamid, S. N. A., Rani, S. H. A., & Kamil, B. A. M. (2016). Enhancing Job Performance through Islamic Religiosity and Islamic Work Ethics. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(7S), 195-198.
Alhazemi, A., A., & Ali, W. (2016). The Notion of Work-Life Balance, Determining Factors, Antecedents and Consequences: A Comprehensive Literature Survey. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 4(8), 74-85.
Al-Goaib, S. (2003). Religiosity and social conformity of university students: an analytical study applied at King Saoud University. Arts Journal of King Saoud University, 16(1), 51-99.
Atkinson, C., & Hall, L. (2011). Flexible working and happiness in the NHS. Employee Relations, 33(2), 88-105. 10.1108/01425451111096659.
Au, W. C., & Ahmed, P. K. (2016). Relationships between superior support, work role stressors and work-life experience. Personnel Review, 45(4), 782-803.
Basu, S., Karmakar, A., Bidhan, V., Kumar, H., Brar, K., Pandit, M., & N.Latha. (2020). Impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 outbreak: lifestyle changes and public health concerns in India. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2), 1385-1411.
Bjarntoft, S., Hallman, D., M., Mathiassen, S., E., Larsson, J., and Jahnke, H. (2020). Occupational and Individual Determinants of WLB among Office Workers with Flexible Work Arrangements. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1-15.
Capnary, M. C., Rachmawati, R., & Agung, I. (2018). The influence of flexibility of work to loyalty and employee satisfaction mediated by work-life balance to employees with millennial generation background in Indonesia start-up companies. Business: Theory and Practice, 19(2), 217-227.
Darto, M., Setyadi, D., Riadi, S. S., & Hariyadi, S. (2015). The effect of transformational leadership, religiosity, job satisfaction, and organizational culture on organizational citizenship behaviour and employee performance in the regional offices of the national institute of public administration, Republic of Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(23), 205-219.
Dauda, Y. A., & Akingbade, W. A. (2011). Technological Change and Employee Performance in Selected Manufacturing Industry in the Lagos State of Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(5), 32-43.
De Cieri, H., Holmes, B., Abbott, J., & Pettit, T. (2005). Achievements and challenges for work/life balance strategies in Australian organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1), 90-103. DOI: 10.1080/0958519042000295966
Fayzhall, M., Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Basuki, S., Mustofa, M., Hutagalung, D., Maesaroh, S., Winanti, W., Chidir, G., Goestjahjanti, F., & Andriyani, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kapabilitas Inovasi Guru Dalam Perspektif Organizational Learning. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 64-91.
Ferm, V. (1963). An encyclopaedia of religion, (pp. 647), London: Peter Owen.
Fiksenbaum, L. M. (2013). Supportive work-family environments: implications for work-family conflict and well-being. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(5), 653-672.
Gadecki, J., Jewdokimow, M., & Zadkowska, M. (2018). New Technologies and Family Life in The Context of Work at Home. The Strategies of Work‑Life Balance. Studia Humanistyczne AGH, 17(4), 77-89.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M. & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The Relation between Work-Family Balance and Quality of Life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510-531.
Hilbrecht, M., Shaw, S. M., Johnson, L. C., & Andrey, J. (2008). 'I'm home for the kids': Contradictory implications for the work-life balance of teleworking mothers. Gender, Work and Organization, 15(5), 454–476.
Hill, E., J., Hawkins, A., J., Ferris, M., & Weitzman, M. (2001). Finding an Extra Day, a Week: The Positive Effect of Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance. Family Relations, 50(1), 49-58.
Hjorth, T. L., Hoyer, M. G., Bramming, P., & Pedersen, M. (2011). Governing work through self-management. Ephemera Theory and Politics in Organization. 11(2), 97-104.
Huang, S. Y., Lee, C. H., Chui, A. A., & Yen, D. C. (2015). How Business Process Reengineering affects Information Technology Investment and Employee Performance Under Different Performance Measurement. Information System Frontiers, 17, 1133-1144.
Hyoung, K. H. (2014). Work-Life Balance and Employees’ Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal 6(1), 37-51.
Imran, M., Maqbool, N., & Shafique, H. (2014). Impact of Technology Advancement on Employee Performance in Banking Sector. International Journal of Human Studies, 4(1), 57-70.
International Labour Organization. (2020). Managing Work-Related Psychosocial Risks During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (1st Ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: ILO Publications.
Jumiran, J., Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y., Sutardi, D., Sasono, I., & Asbari, M. (2020). Pengaruh Dimensi Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasional: Studi Kasus pada Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 600-621.
Kahn, R., Wolfe, D., M., Quinn, R., P., & Snoek, J., D. (1964). Organizational Stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. In: Rushing W. A. (Ed), Social Forces, (pp. 591–592), New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Kamar, K., Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Winanti, & Goestjahjanti, F. S. (2019). Enhancing Employee Performance during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Readiness for Change Mentality. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 11(2), 154-166.
Kirchmeyer, C. (2000). Work-life initiatives: Greed or benevolence regarding workers’ time. In C. L. Cooper & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in organizational behaviour (pp.79–93). West Sussex, UK: Wiley.
Laker, B. (2020). How to Dramatically Improve WLB. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/benjaminlaker/2020/04/28/how-to-dramatically-improvework-life-balance-during-coronavirus-crisis/?sh=7103295b1e2a.
Latha, S. (2020). Work-Life Balance in Pandemic: A Conceptual Study of Problems and Challenges Faced by Working Women Professionals. Mukt Shabd Journal, IX (V), 6173-6179.
Makinson, P., Hundley, S., Feldhaus, C., & Fernandez, E. (2012). Mobile communications anytime, anywhere: The impact on work-life balance and stress. Frontiers in Education Conference Proceeding (pp 1-6). Seattle, USA, October 3-6. IEEE Publishing.
Marks S. R., & MacDermid, S. M. (1996). Multiple Roles and The Self: A Theory of Role Balance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 417-432.
Mat Yusof, M. R., Ridzuan, N., Azidin, A., Abdul Latif, M. M. R., & Ismail, I. (2014). The impact of work stress on work-life balance in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management 2(11): 4-6.
McCarthy, A., Darcy, C., & Grady, G. (2010). Work-life balance policy and practise: Understanding line manager attitudes and behaviours. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 158–167.
McCarty, W. B. (2007). Prayer in the Workplace: Risks and Strategies to Manage Them. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 2(1), 97-105.
McGraw, B. T., Putnam, R. D., & Campbell, D. E. (2012). Review of American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. The Journal of Politics, 74(4), E44.
MOHE. (2019). Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia (MOHE). Statistik Pendidikan Tinggi 2019: Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi. Retrieved from https://www.mohe.gov.my/
MOHE. (2021). Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia (MOHE). Retrieved from https://www.mohe.gov.my/
Morgan, P., & Lawton C. (Eds.). (1996). Ethical issues in six religious traditions, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Mumford, M. D. (2000). Managing Creative People: Strategies and Tactics for Innovation. Human Resource Management Review, 10(3), 313-351.
Narayanan, M. J., Anseel, F., Antonakis, J., Ashford, S. P., Bakker, A. B., & Vugt, M. V. (2021). COVID-19 and the Workplace: Implications, Issues, and Insights for Future Research and Action. Kniffin American Psychologist, 76(1), 63-77.
Ntalianis. F., & Darr, W. (2005). The influence of religiosity and work status on psychological contracts. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis,13(1), 89-102.
Osman-Gani, A. M., Hashim, J., & Ismail, Y. (2013). Establishing linkages between religiosity and spirituality on employee performance. Employee Relations, 35(4), 360-376.
Ozbilgin, M. F., Beauregard, T. A., Tatli, A., & Bell, M. P. (2011). Work-life, diversity and intersectionality: A critical review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13, 177–198. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00291.x
Rafikah, R. (2020). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosi Terhadap Employee Performance Melalui WLB Karyawan PT. Hasil Bantuan Cipta Perdana Gresik. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 8(2), 434-442.
Rupietta, K., & Beckmann, M. (2018). Working from Home. Schmalenbach Business Review, Springer; Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft, 70(1), 25-55.
Russo, M., Shteigman A. & Carmeli, A. (2016) Workplace and family support and work-life balance: Implications for individual psychological availability and energy at work. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(2), 173-188.
Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Cifre, E. (2013). The dark side of technologies: Technostress among users of information and communication technologies. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 422–436.
Sav, A. (2019). The role of religion in the work-life interface. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(22), 3223-3244.
Shagvaliyeva, S., & Yazdanifard, R. (2014). Impact of Flexible Working Hours on Work-Life Balance. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 4(1), 20-23.
Simarmata, R. M. (2020). Pengaruh Work from Home Terhadap Produktivitas Dosen Politeknik Negeri Ambon. Jurnal Ekonomi, Sosial & Humaniora, 2(1), 73-82.
Stawarx, K., Cox, A. L., Bird, J., & Benedyk, R. (2013). I’d Sit at Home and Do Work Emails: How Tablets Affect the Work-Life Balance of Office Workers. Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’13) (pp. 1383-1388). Paris, France, April 27 – May 2.
Sullivan, C., & Lewis, S. (2001). Home-based telework, gender, and the synchronization of work and family: Perspectives of teleworkers and their co-residents. Gender Work and Organization 8(2), 123–145.
Sullivan, O. (2000). The Division of Domestic Labour: Twenty Years of Change? Sociology, 34(3), 437-456.
Susilo, D. (2020). Revealing the Effect of Work-From-Home on Job Performance during the Covid-19 Crisis: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government. 26, 23-40.
Talukder, A. K. M., Vickers, M., & Khan, A. (2018). Supervisor support and work-life balance: Impacts on job performance in the Australian financial sector. Personnel Review 47(3), 727-744.
Vasconcelos, A. F. (2010). The effects of prayer on organizational life: a phenomenological study. Journal of Management and Organization, 16(3), 369-381.
Vyas, A., & Shrivastava, D. (2017). Factors Affecting Work-Life Balance - A Review. Pacific Business Review International, 9(7), 194-200.
Warren T. (2004) Working part-time: Achieving a successful work-life balance? The British Journal of Sociology, 55(1), 99-122.
Yadav, T., & Rani, S. (2015). Work-life balance: challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(11), 680–684.
Zahrah, N., Hamid, S. N. A., Rani, S. H. A., & Kamil, B. A. M. (2016). Enhancing Job Performance through Islamic Religiosity and Islamic Work Ethics. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(7S), 195-198.
Published
2021-11-29
How to Cite
Kumarasamy, M. A. M., Hasbolah, F., Hamzah, H., Fazmi, K. N. M., Omar, S. A., & Bhuiyan, A. B. (2021). CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON RELIGIOSITY, WORK-LIFE BALANCE (WLB) AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIs). American International Journal of Social Science Research, 10(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v10i1.1469
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Original Articles/Review Articles/Case Reports/Short Communications
Copyright (c) 2021 Mokana A/P Muthu Kumarasamy, Farhana Hasbolah, Hanissah Hamzah, Khairun Natasha Mohd Fazmi, Siti Aisyah Omar, Abul Bashar Bhuiyan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
