LEGAL REGULATION OF CYBERATTACKS AND CYBERCRIME: ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE AND COUNTERACTION STRATEGIES

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: 2025-10-04
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v11i1.2651
Keywords:
Court Practice, Cybercrime, Digital Money, Digital Security, Fraud, Innovative Technologies

Main Article Content

Volodymyr Warawa
Associate Professor, Chamber of Operative and Searching Activity, Faculty of Preparing Specialists for Divisions of Criminal Police, National Police of Ukraine, Dnipro State University of Internal Affairs, Dnipro, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-5452
Vladyslav Honcharuk
Associate Professor, Department of Financial and Economic Security Management, Department of National Security Institute of Security PJSC “Interregional Academy of Personnel Management” (IAPM) Kyiv, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9530
Oleksandra Kozlovska
Lecturer, Department of Intellectual Power and Private Law, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2245-0139
Dina Dryzhakova
Graduate Student, Department of Criminal Legal Policy and Criminal Law, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7585-5860
Valentyn Vyshnevskyi
Head, Department of Maritime Law, Educational and Scientific Institute of Maritime Law and Management, National University “Odessa Maritime Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-2127

Abstract

 


Rapid digitalization processes in public life have led to a sharp increase in the scale of cybercrime, posing a threat to economic stability, data privacy, and national security. The problem is becoming particularly relevant in Ukraine in the context of hybrid threats associated with Russian aggression and the intensification of cyberattacks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the legal regulation of cyberattacks and cybercrimes based on Ukraine's judicial practice, identifying characteristic features and trends in the development of law enforcement. To achieve the goal, a systematic review of scientific sources, national and international regulatory acts, and an analysis of selected court decisions were used. The selection of materials was carried out using the PRISMA methodology. The methods of content analysis, comparison, and synthesis were used to process the sources. Scientific publications and court cases related to cybercrimes from 2019 to 2023, as well as international conventions, were considered. The results show that after the Russian invasion, the number of registered cybercrime cases increased. Phishing has become especially popular, accounting for over half of all cases. Most of the crimes were of a cross-border nature. As judicial practice has shown, cybercrime in Ukraine has characteristic features: it is international, and almost all cases involve financial fraud. The main findings indicate that the judicial practice of Ukraine demonstrates the predominance of fraudulent cybercrimes, a significant share of which is phishing, as well as systemic difficulties with the procedural provision of electronic evidence.


JEL Classification Codes: K24, L86.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research

Section

Research Paper/Theoretical Paper/Review Paper/Short Communication Paper
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Volodymyr Warawa , Associate Professor, Chamber of Operative and Searching Activity, Faculty of Preparing Specialists for Divisions of Criminal Police, National Police of Ukraine, Dnipro State University of Internal Affairs, Dnipro, Ukraine

Volodymyr Varava is a lecturer in the Department of Operational Investigative Activities at the Dnipro University of Internal Affairs (Ukraine). He holds a PhD in law and is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Law. Varava is the author of academic articles on combating smuggling and customs violations. He has authored over 50 articles in Ukrainian and 10 international academic journals, as well as a monograph. She has participated in numerous international and national academic conferences. His teaching practice includes strategic investigation, operational activities, and current issues in combating customs violations. His research interests include forensic science, operational investigative activities, and customs law.

Vladyslav Honcharuk , Associate Professor, Department of Financial and Economic Security Management, Department of National Security Institute of Security PJSC “Interregional Academy of Personnel Management” (IAPM) Kyiv, Ukraine

Vladyslav Honcharuk - Attorney, Veteran of the Special Forces for Combating Corruption and Organized Crime “K” of the Security Service of Ukraine, combatant, PhD in Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Information and Financial Security at the Institute of Security of Private Joint-Stock Company "Higher education institution "Interregional Academy of Personnel Managemen”. Author of over 40 scientific works, manuals, and articles in professional legal publications, including two monographs: “Distinguishing between predicate offenses and non-criminal behavior: the modern context” (2024) and “Legal regulation of the economic de-shadowing in the context of ensuring financial and economic security” (2025). His research interests include the issues of de-shadowing the economy, criminal law policy, financial security, and constitutional oversight.

Oleksandra Kozlovska , Lecturer, Department of Intellectual Power and Private Law, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine

Oleksandra Kozlovska is a Lecturer at the Department of Intellectual Property and Private Law at National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”. She is a Ph.D. in Law student  at the Department of Intellectual Property and Private Law at National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”. Her doctoral research is focused on issues of tax law and digitalization. Oleksandra has two Master’s Degrees in International Law and Administration.She has participated in numerous international and national scientific conferences. Her teaching portfolio includes Medical Law and Electoral and Referendum Law. Her academic interests encompass civil, tax, and constitutional law, as well as the methodology of legal education.

Dina Dryzhakova , Graduate Student, Department of Criminal Legal Policy and Criminal Law, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

Dina Yuryevna Dryzhakova is a third-year graduate student at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Law, Department of Criminal Legal Policy and Criminal Law. Dryzhakova is writing her dissertation on the topic of "Unauthorized Interference with Information Systems (Articles 361 and 361-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine): Criminal Law Characteristics." Dryzhakova is a practicing criminal defense attorney.

Valentyn Vyshnevskyi , Head, Department of Maritime Law, Educational and Scientific Institute of Maritime Law and Management, National University “Odessa Maritime Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine

Valentyn Vyshnevskyi is the head of the Department of Maritime Law at the National University "Odessa Maritime Academy," Ukraine. He holds a PhD in Law (Candidate of Sciences in Law). His dissertation focused on issues of international legal regulation of maritime accident investigations. Vyshnevskyi is the author of articles in Ukrainian and foreign scientific journals. He regularly participates in international and national scientific conferences. His teaching portfolio includes maritime law, investigation of accidents and incidents at sea, and European Union law. His academic interests cover international law, maritime law, as well as psychology and higher education pedagogy.

How to Cite

Warawa , V., Honcharuk , V. ., Kozlovska , O. ., Dryzhakova , D. ., & Vyshnevskyi , V. . (2025). LEGAL REGULATION OF CYBERATTACKS AND CYBERCRIME: ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE AND COUNTERACTION STRATEGIES. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 11(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v11i1.2651
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

Ahmad, N., Rahim, F., & Aziz, N. (2024). Can international humanitarian law regulate recent drone strikes?: A case study. Journal of East Asia and International Law, 17(1), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.14330/jeail.2024.17.1.09

Alexandrou, A. (2021). Cybercrime and information technology: Theory and practice: The computer network infrastructure and computer security, cybersecurity laws, Internet of Things (IoT), and mobile devices (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429318726

Artemchuk, M., Marukhlenko, O., Sokrovolska, N., Mazur, H., & Riznyk, D. (2024). The impact of economic recession on the financial support of state functions during crisis situations. Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, 15(2), 350. https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v15.2(30).15

Baranovska, T. (2024). The impact of cybercrime on state and institutional security: Analysis of threats and potential protection measures. Economic Affairs, 69(1s). https://doi.org/10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.5

Batrachenko, T., Lehan, I., Kuchmenko, V., Kovalchuk, V., & Mazurenko, O. (2024). Cybercrime in the context of the digital age: Analysis of threats, legal challenges and strategies. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6, 2024ss0212. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024ss0212

Borysenko, O., Marukhovskа-Kartunova, O., Volkova, V., Baran, A., & Maraieva, U. (2024). The influence of social networks on the formation of modern culture and its relationship with philosophy. Futurity Philosophy, 3(3), 80–94. https://doi.org/10.57125/FP.2024.09.30.05

Buçaj, E., & Idrizaj, K. (2024). The need for cybercrime regulation on a global scale by the international law and cyber convention. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 8(1), 2025024. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025024

Chaika, O., Sharmanova, N., & Makaruk, O. (2024). Revitalising endangered languages: Challenges, successes, and cultural implications. Futurity of Social Sciences, 2(2), 38–61. https://doi.org/10.57125/FS.2024.06.20.03

Cherniavskyi, S., Babanina, V., Mykytchyk, O., & Mostepaniuk, L. (2021). Measures to combat cybercrime: Analysis of international and Ukrainian experience. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(69), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.06

Danidou, Y. (2020). Trusted computing initiative on the spectrum of EU cyber-security legal framework. In T.-E. Synodinou, P. Jougleux, C. Markou, & T. Prastitou (Eds.), EU Internet law in the digital era (pp. 277–296). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25579-4_13

Despotović, A., Parmaković, A., & Miljković, M. (2023). Cybercrime and cybersecurity in fintech. In S. Benković, A. Labus, & M. Milosavljević (Eds.), Digital transformation of the financial industry (pp. 255–272). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23269-5_15

Dragojlović, J. (2023). Jurisdiction for criminal offenses of cybercrime: International and national standards. Pravo - Teorija i Praksa, 40(suppl), 63–83. https://doi.org/10.5937/ptp2300063D

Erikha, A., & Saptomo, A. (2024). Dilemma of legal policy to address cybercrime in the digital era. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 3(3), 499–507. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v3i3.452

Fintech Insider. (2023, November 7). Cyber fraudsters are becoming more active in Ukraine and the world. What tools do they use and how do they protect themselves? Retrieved from https://fintechinsider.com.ua/kibershahrayi-stayut-aktyvnishymy-v-ukrayini-ta-sviti-yaki-instrumenty-vony-vykorystovuyut-ta-yak-zahystytysya/

Gajjar, V. R., & Taherdoost, H. (2024). Cybercrime on a global scale: Trends, policies, and cybersecurity strategies. In 2024 5th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICMCSI) (pp. 668–676). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMCSI61536.2024.00105

Gallant, K. S. (2022). The national and international law of criminal jurisdiction: Structure and sources. In International criminal jurisdiction (pp. 59–138). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199941476.003.0002

Ghimire, K. (2023). Cyber-attack issues: Laws & policies and the role of librarians. Access: An International Journal of Nepal Library Association, 2(01), 216–234. https://doi.org/10.3126/access.v2i01.59002

Greiman, V. A. (2022). Cyber law and regulation. In M. Lehto & P. Neittaanmäki (Eds.), Cyber security (pp. 59–78). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91293-2_3

Hummelholm, A. (2022). Future smart societies’ infrastructures and services in the cyber environments. In M. Lehto & P. Neittaanmäki (Eds.), Cyber security (pp. 151–182). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91293-2_7

Kagita, M. K., Thilakarathne, N., Gadekallu, T. R., Maddikunta, P. K. R., & Singh, S. (2021). A review on cyber crimes on the Internet of Things. In A. Makkar & N. Kumar (Eds.), Deep learning for security and privacy preservation in IoT (pp. 83–98). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6186-0_4

Kelly, N., & Montasari, R. (2023). Police and cybercrime: Evaluating law enforcement’s cyber capacity and capability. In R. Montasari (Ed.), Applications for artificial intelligence and digital forensics in national security (pp. 91–103). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40118-3_6

Kethineni, S. (2020). Cybercrime in India: Laws, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms. In T. J. Holt & A. M. Bossler (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of international cybercrime and cyberdeviance (pp. 305–326). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78440-3_7

Khalymon, S., Puzyrov, M., & Prytula, A. (2019). Problems of implementation of whistleblower institution in Ukraine. Juridical Tribune Journal, 9(2), 436–454. Retrieved from https://www.tribunajuridica.eu/arhiva/An9v2/11.%20Khalymon,%20Puzyrov,%20Prytula.pdf

Kozlovskyi, S., Kulinich, T., Mazur, H., Khadzhynov, I., & Kozlovskyi, V. (2023). Forecasting the competitiveness of the agrarian sector of Ukraine in the conditions of war and European integration. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 29(5), 774–783. Retrieved from https://www.agrojournal.org/29/05-02.pdf

Kravtsov, S., Orobets, K., Shyshpanova, N., Vovchenko, O., & Berezovska-Chmil, O. (2024). Progress and Challenges in Combating Corruption in Ukraine: Pathways Forward. Journal of Strategic Security, 17(2), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.17.2.2223

Kuzior, A., Tiutiunyk, I., Zielińska, A., & Kelemen, R. (2024). Cybersecurity and cybercrime: Current trends and threats. Journal of International Studies, 17(2), 220–239. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2024/17-2/12

Lavrov, R., Remnova, L., Sadchykova, I., Mazur, H., Tymoshenko, M., Kozlovskyi, V., & Kozlovskyi, S. (2022). Investments in the sustainable development of the potato sector in Ukraine based on the optimal balance of production and consumption. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 19, 186–196. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.19

Law of Ukraine No. 912-IX. (2020). “On the Basic Principles of Cybersecurity in Ukraine”. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2163-19?lang=en#Text

Li, Y., & Liu, Q. (2021). A comprehensive review study of cyber-attacks and cybersecurity: Emerging trends and recent developments. Energy Reports, 7, 8176–8186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.126

Mezei, K., & Szentgáli-Tóth, B. (2023). Some comments on the legal regulation on misinformation and cyber attacks conducted through online platforms. LeXonomica, 15(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.18690/lexonomica.15.1.33-52.2023

Mezzetti, C., Muthukuda, K., & Yuan, H. (2024). Crime in the digital age: Do cyber attacks lead to identity theft? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4807037

Milon, N. U., Ghose, P., Pinky, T. C., Tabassum, N., Hasan, M. N., & Khatun, M. (2024). An in-depth PRISMA-based review of cybercrime in a developing economy: Examining sector-wide impacts, legal frameworks, and emerging trends in the digital era. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(4), 2072–2093. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1583

Muliarevych, O. (2024). Mitigating input prompt attack vulnerabilities in systems with a language model interface. In 2024 14th International Conference on Dependable Systems, Services and Technologies (DESSERT) (pp. 1–8). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dessert65323.2024.11122258

Pasupuleti, M. K. (2024). Legal and regulatory frameworks for AI in cybersecurity: Strategies against threats and fraud. In AI-enabled security: Defending the digital realm against cyber threats and fraud (1st ed., pp. 1–18). National Education Services. https://doi.org/10.62311/nesx/97890

Pettoello-Mantovani, C. (2024). Cybercrimes: An emerging category of offenses within the frame of the International Criminal Court jurisdiction. International Journal of Law and Politics Studies, 6(2), 06–11. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2024.6.2.2

Reva, M., & Demchenko, Y. (2024). The role of online psychological testing in a learning process: The Ukrainian case. E-Learning Innovations Journal, 2(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.57125/ELIJ.2024.03.25.02

Sarkar, G., & Shukla, S. K. (2024). Reconceptualizing online offenses: A framework for distinguishing cybercrime, cyberattacks, and cyberterrorism in the Indian legal context. Journal of Economic Criminology, 4, 100063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100063

Shevchuk, O., Lysodyed, O., Matyukhina, N., Babaieva, O., & Davydenko, S. (2023а). Conflict of interest in the activities of judges in Ukraine and the European Union: A comparative legal study. Juridical Tribune, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.24818/TBJ/2023/13/2.06

Shevchuk, O. M., Protsiuk, I. V., Samoshchenko, I. V., Panova, A. V., & Shaposhnyk, A. O. (2023b). The rights to access to information and national security in Ukraine in the system of human rights. Revista Jurídica Portucalense, 34, 257–282. https://doi.org/10.34625/issn.2183-2705(34)2023.ic-13

Simons, G., Danyk, Y., & Maliarchuk, T. (2020). Hybrid war and cyber-attacks: Creating legal and operational dilemmas. Global Change, Peace & Security, 32(3), 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2020.1732899

Snail ka Mtuze, S., & Musoni, M. (2023). An overview of cybercrime law in South Africa. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 4(3), 299–323. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-023-00089-8

Spassova, S. (2023). Disruptions of satellite communication: Comparing cyber attacks and harmful interference for the purposes of legal regulation. In Space law in a networked world (pp. 131–142). Brill | Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004527270_006

Sysoiev, D., Pidbereznykh, I., Mazur, H., Tellis, S., & Vandin, Y. (2024). Administrative law mechanisms for preventing and countering corruption in the field of territorial defence. Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(4), e24069. https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v5i4.859

Tumalavičius, V. (2022). Legal challenges for blockchain projects and cryptocurrencies in the context of sustainable development: International virtual currency market and technology dynamics. Law, Business and Sustainability Herald, 2(3), 27–41. Retrieved from https://lbsherald.org/index.php/journal/article/view/55

Unified Register of Court Decisions. (2024). Search results in the Unified Register of Court Decisions (EUDRSR). Retrieved from https://court.opendatabot.ua/search?text=кіберзлочин&adjudication_date_year=2

Verma, A., & Shri, C. (2022). Cyber security: A review of cyber crimes, security challenges and measures to control. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629221074760

Vitvitskiy, S., Kurakin, O., Pokataev, P., Skriabin, O., & Sanakoiev, D. (2021). Formation of a new paradigm of anti-money laundering: The experience of Ukraine. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(1), 354–363. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.30

Watters, P. A. (2023). Cybercrime and cybersecurity (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003406730

Wessel, R. A., & Heim, T. N. (2023). The various dimensions of cyberthreats: (In)consistencies in the global regulation of cybersecurity. Anales de Derecho, 40, 40–65. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesderecho.546921

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.