The Roles of Determinants of Self-employment: A Mediation of Entrepreneurial Motivation in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Motivation, Entrepreneurial Traits, Economic Incentives, Potential Entrepreneurs, Self-Employment.
Abstract
Today, the problem of unemployment has been a global issue, even among the developed nations, and especially the developing nations. For this reason, the need for employment generation becomes desirably indispensable. The aim of this research work is to examine the essential roles that entrepreneurial traits and economic incentive factors would play with the mediation of entrepreneurial motivation for an effective self-employment start-up accomplishment. Self-employment has long been recognized as an alternative for individuals to become self-reliant. Thus, this is expected brings about a reduction in poverty level, improved living standard as well as to earn more income and have a better career as a means of sustenance for potential entrepreneurs. For this purpose, it is essentially important to make an examination of certain vital factors, which may constitute the basics necessary to effect self-employment particularly from the context of entrepreneurial traits and economic incentive factors that would motivate the potential entrepreneurs to achieve success in self-employment start-up.
References
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Chowdhury, F. N. (2017) A Study Of Entrepreneurship Development In Bangladesh: Pros And Cons Dhaka, Journal of Asian Scientific Research
Cooney T. M. (2012) Entrepreneurship Skills for Growth-Orientated Businesses
Dublin Institute of Technology Report for the Workshop on ‘Skills Development for SMEs and Entrepreneurship’, Copenhagen
De Jong, J. P. J. (2013) 'The Decision To Exploit Opportunities For Innovation: A Study Of High-Tech Small-Business Owners', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), pp. 281-301.
Dike, V. E. (2013) Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET): Understanding the Nigerian Experience © Copyright 2013All Rights Reserved
Dissanayake S.W. (2015) Research, Research Gap and the Research Problem University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Dissanayake D.M.N.S.W. (2013 Research, Research Gap and the Research Problem Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47519/MPRA Paper No. 47519, UTC Sri Lanka
Elebute, A. and Shagaya, O. M. (2016) Impact Of Vocational And Technical Education On Livelihood Sustenance And Economic Development In Nigeria: The Art Workshop Experience International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education Research Vol.2, No.2, pp.15-35, Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org)
Evans, D.S. and L.S. Leighton (2009), Small business formation by unemployed and employed workers, Small Business Economics 2, pp. 319-330.
Ezekiel O. Ayoade1 and Edwin M. Agwu (2016) Employment Generation through Entrepreneurial Development: The Nigerian Experience British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 11(3): 1-14, , Article no.BJEMT.21740,Science domain international www.sciencedomain.org
Fátima M. J. A. (2012) On Becoming Self-Employed: Gender, Class And Entrepreneurship In Portugal 2012 School Of Social Sciences
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Frese, M., Gielnik, M. M. (2014) The Psychology Of Entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413-438.
Georgianna, S., Müller, G. F., Schermelleh-Engel, K. and Petersen, B.(2016) Entrepreneurs' Job Satisfaction and Its Relationship to SuperLeadership and Self-Leadership Vanguard University of Southern California. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Managementwww.scitecresearch.com Volume 6, Issue 3 www.scitecresearch.com/journals/index.php/jrbem/index 928 SCITECH Volume 6, Issue 3
Gill, A., Biger, N., & Nagpal, V. (2011). Barriers to small business creations in Canada. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 14(2), 245-257.
Hayward, M. LA, Forster, W. R., Sarasvathy, S. D. and Fredrickson, B. L. ( 2010) 'Beyond Hubris: How Highly Confident Entrepreneurs Rebound To Venture Again', Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 569-578.
Idris A. (2015) Entrepreneurial Motivation in Nascent entrepreneurship, An assessment of business start-up in Ghana , ncsuu, JPK
Isa, Y. Z. M., Abu Bakar, Y. A., Ahmad, S. (2016) Determinant Factors Of Women Entrepreneurs’ Business Performance : A Conceptual Framewok Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE) Vol. 1: no. 1 gbse.com.my | eISSN 24621714| 55
Johannsen, B. (2013). "When are the effects of fiscal policy uncertainty large?"
http ://gradstudents.wcas.northwestern.edu/-bkj463/paper.pdf.
Kerr, W. and Nanda R (2011) Financing Constraints and Entrepreneurship, in Audretsch, David, Oliver Falck, and Stephan Heblich (eds.) Handbook of Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 88-103.
Kiragu E. M. and Sakwa M. (2013) Effect Of Group Lending Mechanism On Enterprise Development Of Rural Women In Kenya. A Survey Of Kenyenya District, Kisii County-Kenya Ijcrb.Webs.Com Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Businesscopy Right Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 556VOL 4, NO 12
Kisker C. E. W. (2016) Impact Of Motivational Factors Of Nascent Entrepreneurs On Business Surviving Success Riga, 2016 Vol 23, No 1
Koomson I., Peprah J., Afoakwah C. (2015) Savings, entrepreneurial trait and self-employment: evidence from selected Ghanaian Universities
Kumar, A.S., Poornima, C.S., Abraham, K.M and Jayashree, K. (2011). Entrepreneurship Development. New Delhi: New age international Publisher.
Leonelli, S., Ceci, F., & Masciarelli, F. (2017). The importance of entrepreneurs’ traits in explaining start-ups’ innovativeness. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management.
Ling, Y. A. N., Simsek, Z., Lubatkin, M. H., & Veiga, J. F. (2008). Transformational leadership's role in promoting corporate entrepreneurship: Examining the CEO-TMT interface. Academy of Management journal, 51(3), 557-576.
Livanos, I. (2009), What determines self-employment ? A comparative study, Applied Economics Letters 16 (3), pp. 227-232.
Mallya L. S. (2011) Successful Entrepreneurs Of Indian Origin: A Case Study Educational And Research Institute University (Established Under Section 3 Of The Ugc Act, 1956) Chennai - 600 095
Mandl, I., & Curtarelli, M. (2017). Crowd Employment and ICT-Based Mobile Work—New Employment Forms in Europe. In Policy Implications of Virtual Work (pp. 51-79). Springer International Publishing.
Mokua, C. M. and Memba, F. (2015) Effect of Progressive Lending Mechanism on Access to Finance in Rural Kenya: A Survey of Masaba North District The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies (ISSN 2321 - 9203)
Morris, M.H., Kuratko, D.F. and Covin, J.G. (2008) Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation. Mason, Ohio: Thomson South-Western.
Mukherjee, S. (2010) Profiling the Urban Women Micro-entrepreneurs in India, article in the Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
Nicks (2008). The History of Entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Retrieved from: http://bizcovering.com//history/thehistory-of-entreprenership-in-Nigeria
Noella, N. and Narcisse K. (2015) Entrepreneurial Infrastructure For The Development Of Entrepreneurs In Rwanda. Växjö, Sweden
Oppong, S. and Paul, R. S. (2015) Managing Graduate Unemployment In Emerging Economies: Critical Analysis Of The Skills Mismatch And Oversupply THESES 2 UDC / UDK: 331.56-057 JEL classifi cation / JEL klasifi kacija: J64 Review /
Papanek G. F. (1972) The Development Of Entrepreneurshp, Kilby (ed.), Entrepreneurship and Economic Development, The Free Press, Newyork
Ramoni S. A. (2016) Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among Nigerian University Graduates World Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 6. No. 1. Issue. Pp. 45 – 59
Raimi, L. and Adeleke, I. (2010) Using Entrepreneurship Development and Corporate Social Responsibility as Strategies for Conflict Resolution in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, 34th Annual SPE International Technical Conference and Exhibition in Tinapa-Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Renko, M., Shrader, R. C., and Simon, M. (2012). Perception Of Entrepreneurial Opportunity: A General Framework. Management Decision, 50(7), 1233-1251.
Rauch, A., and Frese, M. (2007) Let's Put The Person Back Into Entrepreneurship Research: A meta analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16, 353-385
Sozen, E., & O’Neill, M. (2018). An Exploration of the Motivations Driving New Business Start-up in the United States Craft Brewing Industry. In Craft Beverages and Tourism, Volume 2 (pp. 195-212). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Szirmai, E, Naudé, W and Goedhuys, M (2011) Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Development, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Staniewski, M. and Awruk, K. (2015) Motivating Factors And Barriersin The Commencement Of One’s Own Business For Potential Entrepreneurs, Economic ResearchEkonomska Istraživanja, DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2015.1083876 Economic Research-Ekonomska IstraživanjaISSN: 1331-677X (Print) 1848-9664 http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rero20 ©2015
Saleemi, N. A. (2009) Entrepreneurship simplified. Nairobi: Saleemi Publication Limited
Uyangoda, J. (2011) Writing Research Proposals in the Social Sciences and Humanities: A theoretical and practical guide. Colombo: Social Scientists's Association.
Yushuai, W., Na, Y. and Changping, W. (2016) An Analysis of Factors Which Influence Entrepreneurial Motivation Focused on Entrepreneurs in Jiang Xi Province in China Journal of Applied Sciences 14 (8): 767-775, 2014 ISSN 1812-5654 / DOI: 10"3923/jas"2014.767.775 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information Journal of Applied Sciences http:// www.scholarly-journals.com/SJBA ISSN 2276-7126
Jeremy, K. H., Gregory A. D., Michael J.L. (2010). Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions Author links open overlay panel Journal of Business Venturing Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 439-448
Van Stel, A., Millán, A., Millán, J. M., & Román, C. (2017). The relationship between start-up motive and earnings over the course of the entrepreneur’s business tenure. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 1-23.
William Y., & Fiona T. (2006). Can businesses move beyond efficiency? The shift toward effectiveness and equity in the corporate sustainability debate Pages 402–415 Volume 15, Issue 6, DOI: 10.1002/bse.510
Aziz, N., Friedman, B. A., Bopieva, A., and Keles, I. (2013). Entrepreneurial Motives and Perceived Problems: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurs in Kyrgyzstan. International Journal of Business Research, 18(2).
Blatt, R. (2009) 'Resilience in Entrepreneurial Teams: Developing the Capacity to Pull Through', Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1-14.
Braunerhjelm, P., Z. Acs, D. Audretsch, and B. Carlsson (2010). The Missing Link: Knowledge Dilusion And Entrepreneurship In Endogenous Growth. Small Business Economics 34 (2), 105{125
Bryan J. L. (2013) The Impact of Government Policy on Economic Growth Management Faculty Publications Bridgewater State University, Paper 23.
Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/management_fac/23
Cahna, M. (2008) Indigenous Entrepreneurship, Culture and Micro – Enterprise in the Pacific Island: a Case Study from Samoa. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol. 20, Iss.1, pp. 1- 18.
Caliendo, M., F. M. Fossen, and A. S. Kritikos (2014). “Personality characteristics and the decision to become and stay self-employed.” Small Business Economics42:4 (2014): 787–814
Chowdhury, F. N. (2017) A Study Of Entrepreneurship Development In Bangladesh: Pros And Cons Dhaka, Journal of Asian Scientific Research
Cooney T. M. (2012) Entrepreneurship Skills for Growth-Orientated Businesses
Dublin Institute of Technology Report for the Workshop on ‘Skills Development for SMEs and Entrepreneurship’, Copenhagen
De Jong, J. P. J. (2013) 'The Decision To Exploit Opportunities For Innovation: A Study Of High-Tech Small-Business Owners', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), pp. 281-301.
Dike, V. E. (2013) Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET): Understanding the Nigerian Experience © Copyright 2013All Rights Reserved
Dissanayake S.W. (2015) Research, Research Gap and the Research Problem University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Dissanayake D.M.N.S.W. (2013 Research, Research Gap and the Research Problem Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47519/MPRA Paper No. 47519, UTC Sri Lanka
Elebute, A. and Shagaya, O. M. (2016) Impact Of Vocational And Technical Education On Livelihood Sustenance And Economic Development In Nigeria: The Art Workshop Experience International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education Research Vol.2, No.2, pp.15-35, Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org)
Evans, D.S. and L.S. Leighton (2009), Small business formation by unemployed and employed workers, Small Business Economics 2, pp. 319-330.
Ezekiel O. Ayoade1 and Edwin M. Agwu (2016) Employment Generation through Entrepreneurial Development: The Nigerian Experience British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 11(3): 1-14, , Article no.BJEMT.21740,Science domain international www.sciencedomain.org
Fátima M. J. A. (2012) On Becoming Self-Employed: Gender, Class And Entrepreneurship In Portugal 2012 School Of Social Sciences
Fritsch, M., & Wyrwich, M. (2017). Persistence of Regional Entrepreneurship: Causes, Effects, and Directions for Future Research (No. 2017-003). Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
Frese, M., Gielnik, M. M. (2014) The Psychology Of Entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413-438.
Georgianna, S., Müller, G. F., Schermelleh-Engel, K. and Petersen, B.(2016) Entrepreneurs' Job Satisfaction and Its Relationship to SuperLeadership and Self-Leadership Vanguard University of Southern California. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Managementwww.scitecresearch.com Volume 6, Issue 3 www.scitecresearch.com/journals/index.php/jrbem/index 928 SCITECH Volume 6, Issue 3
Gill, A., Biger, N., & Nagpal, V. (2011). Barriers to small business creations in Canada. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 14(2), 245-257.
Hayward, M. LA, Forster, W. R., Sarasvathy, S. D. and Fredrickson, B. L. ( 2010) 'Beyond Hubris: How Highly Confident Entrepreneurs Rebound To Venture Again', Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 569-578.
Idris A. (2015) Entrepreneurial Motivation in Nascent entrepreneurship, An assessment of business start-up in Ghana , ncsuu, JPK
Isa, Y. Z. M., Abu Bakar, Y. A., Ahmad, S. (2016) Determinant Factors Of Women Entrepreneurs’ Business Performance : A Conceptual Framewok Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE) Vol. 1: no. 1 gbse.com.my | eISSN 24621714| 55
Johannsen, B. (2013). "When are the effects of fiscal policy uncertainty large?"
http ://gradstudents.wcas.northwestern.edu/-bkj463/paper.pdf.
Kerr, W. and Nanda R (2011) Financing Constraints and Entrepreneurship, in Audretsch, David, Oliver Falck, and Stephan Heblich (eds.) Handbook of Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 88-103.
Kiragu E. M. and Sakwa M. (2013) Effect Of Group Lending Mechanism On Enterprise Development Of Rural Women In Kenya. A Survey Of Kenyenya District, Kisii County-Kenya Ijcrb.Webs.Com Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Businesscopy Right Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 556VOL 4, NO 12
Kisker C. E. W. (2016) Impact Of Motivational Factors Of Nascent Entrepreneurs On Business Surviving Success Riga, 2016 Vol 23, No 1
Koomson I., Peprah J., Afoakwah C. (2015) Savings, entrepreneurial trait and self-employment: evidence from selected Ghanaian Universities
Kumar, A.S., Poornima, C.S., Abraham, K.M and Jayashree, K. (2011). Entrepreneurship Development. New Delhi: New age international Publisher.
Leonelli, S., Ceci, F., & Masciarelli, F. (2017). The importance of entrepreneurs’ traits in explaining start-ups’ innovativeness. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management.
Ling, Y. A. N., Simsek, Z., Lubatkin, M. H., & Veiga, J. F. (2008). Transformational leadership's role in promoting corporate entrepreneurship: Examining the CEO-TMT interface. Academy of Management journal, 51(3), 557-576.
Livanos, I. (2009), What determines self-employment ? A comparative study, Applied Economics Letters 16 (3), pp. 227-232.
Mallya L. S. (2011) Successful Entrepreneurs Of Indian Origin: A Case Study Educational And Research Institute University (Established Under Section 3 Of The Ugc Act, 1956) Chennai - 600 095
Mandl, I., & Curtarelli, M. (2017). Crowd Employment and ICT-Based Mobile Work—New Employment Forms in Europe. In Policy Implications of Virtual Work (pp. 51-79). Springer International Publishing.
Mokua, C. M. and Memba, F. (2015) Effect of Progressive Lending Mechanism on Access to Finance in Rural Kenya: A Survey of Masaba North District The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies (ISSN 2321 - 9203)
Morris, M.H., Kuratko, D.F. and Covin, J.G. (2008) Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation. Mason, Ohio: Thomson South-Western.
Mukherjee, S. (2010) Profiling the Urban Women Micro-entrepreneurs in India, article in the Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
Nicks (2008). The History of Entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Retrieved from: http://bizcovering.com//history/thehistory-of-entreprenership-in-Nigeria
Noella, N. and Narcisse K. (2015) Entrepreneurial Infrastructure For The Development Of Entrepreneurs In Rwanda. Växjö, Sweden
Oppong, S. and Paul, R. S. (2015) Managing Graduate Unemployment In Emerging Economies: Critical Analysis Of The Skills Mismatch And Oversupply THESES 2 UDC / UDK: 331.56-057 JEL classifi cation / JEL klasifi kacija: J64 Review /
Papanek G. F. (1972) The Development Of Entrepreneurshp, Kilby (ed.), Entrepreneurship and Economic Development, The Free Press, Newyork
Ramoni S. A. (2016) Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among Nigerian University Graduates World Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 6. No. 1. Issue. Pp. 45 – 59
Raimi, L. and Adeleke, I. (2010) Using Entrepreneurship Development and Corporate Social Responsibility as Strategies for Conflict Resolution in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, 34th Annual SPE International Technical Conference and Exhibition in Tinapa-Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Renko, M., Shrader, R. C., and Simon, M. (2012). Perception Of Entrepreneurial Opportunity: A General Framework. Management Decision, 50(7), 1233-1251.
Rauch, A., and Frese, M. (2007) Let's Put The Person Back Into Entrepreneurship Research: A meta analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16, 353-385
Sozen, E., & O’Neill, M. (2018). An Exploration of the Motivations Driving New Business Start-up in the United States Craft Brewing Industry. In Craft Beverages and Tourism, Volume 2 (pp. 195-212). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Szirmai, E, Naudé, W and Goedhuys, M (2011) Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Development, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Staniewski, M. and Awruk, K. (2015) Motivating Factors And Barriersin The Commencement Of One’s Own Business For Potential Entrepreneurs, Economic ResearchEkonomska Istraživanja, DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2015.1083876 Economic Research-Ekonomska IstraživanjaISSN: 1331-677X (Print) 1848-9664 http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rero20 ©2015
Saleemi, N. A. (2009) Entrepreneurship simplified. Nairobi: Saleemi Publication Limited
Uyangoda, J. (2011) Writing Research Proposals in the Social Sciences and Humanities: A theoretical and practical guide. Colombo: Social Scientists's Association.
Yushuai, W., Na, Y. and Changping, W. (2016) An Analysis of Factors Which Influence Entrepreneurial Motivation Focused on Entrepreneurs in Jiang Xi Province in China Journal of Applied Sciences 14 (8): 767-775, 2014 ISSN 1812-5654 / DOI: 10"3923/jas"2014.767.775 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information Journal of Applied Sciences http:// www.scholarly-journals.com/SJBA ISSN 2276-7126
Jeremy, K. H., Gregory A. D., Michael J.L. (2010). Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions Author links open overlay panel Journal of Business Venturing Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 439-448
Van Stel, A., Millán, A., Millán, J. M., & Román, C. (2017). The relationship between start-up motive and earnings over the course of the entrepreneur’s business tenure. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 1-23.
William Y., & Fiona T. (2006). Can businesses move beyond efficiency? The shift toward effectiveness and equity in the corporate sustainability debate Pages 402–415 Volume 15, Issue 6, DOI: 10.1002/bse.510
Published
2017-11-17
How to Cite
Adamu, M., & Abdu Shakur, M. B. (2017). The Roles of Determinants of Self-employment: A Mediation of Entrepreneurial Motivation in Bauchi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review, 1(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v1i1.17
Section
Regular Research Article/ Short Communication Article
Copyright (c) 2017 Muhammad Adamu, Mahani Bint Mohammad Abdu Shakur
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
