Optimizing Animal Productivity under Heat Stress Conditions Using Conventional and Recent Technologies
Keywords:
Animal Productivity, Heat Stress Conditions, Conventional and Recent Technologies
Abstract
When the animals exposed to the high environmental temperature most of the physiological and biochemical parameters are disturbances. The heat-induced changes in each of thermoregulatory parameters as well as water, protein turnover or balances and hormonal levels may be used for evaluation the animal's adaptability to hot climate. Detection of such phenomena in the animals could be achieved by different indices. Most of indices which may be used for detecting the heat adaptability in animals are reviewed in this article paper.
References
Aboulnaga, A. I., Kamal, T.H., El-Masry, K.A. and Marai, I.F.M. (1989). Short-term response of spray cooling and drinking cool water for improving milk of heat stressed Friesian cows. Proceedings of 3rd Egyptian-British. Conference on Animal, Fish and Poultry Production, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 2: 607-612.
Abel-Samee, A.M. (1982). The role of water metabolism in the heat stress syndrome with the use of radioisotopes in cattle. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Ames, D.R. and Ray, D.E. (1983). Environmental manipulation to improve animal productivity. Journal of Animal Science, 47 (Supplement), 209-220.
Beede, D.K. and Collier, R.J. (1986). Potential nutritional strategic for intensively managed cattle during thermal heat stress. J. Anim. Sci., 62, 543-554.
Bianca, W. (1959). The effect of clipping the coat on various reactions of calves to heat. J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge, 52, 380-383.
Benezra, M.V. (1954). A new index for measuring the adaptability of cattle to tropical conditions. Journal of Animal Science, 13, 1115-1119. Bianca, W, (1963). Rectal temperature and respiratory rate as indicators of heat tolerance in cattle. Journal of Agricultural Science, 60, 113-120.
Bonosma, J.C. (1955). The improvement of indigenous breeds in tropical environments. In: Breeding Beef Cattle Unfavorable Environments, edited by A.O. Rhoad. University of Texas Press, Austin, U.S.A. pp. 170-186.
Brown, W.H., Shanklin, M.D., Hahn, G.L. and Johnson, H.D. (1969). Rate of rectal temperature rise as an index of heat sensitivity. Trans ASAE, 12, 225-227 and 230.
Daader, A.H., Marai, I.F.M., Habeeb, A. A.M. and Yousef, H.M. (1989). Improvement of growth performance of Friesian calves under Egyptian sub-tropical conditions. I. Internal cooling techniques using diuretics and drinking cool water. Proceedings of . 3rd Egyptian-British Conference on Animal, Fish and Poultry. Production, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 2: 595-603.
EI-Fouly, H.A. and Kamal, T.H. (1979). Effect of short-term heat exposure on urinary alantoin-N in Friesian calves. World Review of Animal production, 15, 61-64.
El-Masry, K.A. and Marai, I.F.M (1991). Comparison between Friesians and water buffaloes in growth rate, milk production and some blood constituents, during winter and summer conditions of Egypt. Animal Production, 53, 39-43.
El-Masry, K.A., Kamal, T. H., Aboulnaga, A.I. and Marai, I. F. M. (1989). Daily gain, total body solids and biochemical responses of Friesian calves to mineral mixture and urea during heat stress. Proceedings of 3rd Egyptian - British Conference on Animal, Fish and Poultry Production, Alexandria University; Alexandria, Egypt, 2: 643-648.
Habeeb, A.A.M., Abdel-Samee, A.M. and Kamal T.H. (1989). Effect of heats tress, feed supplementation and cooling technique on milk yield, milk composition and some blood constituents in Frisian cows under Egyptian conditions. Proceedings of 3rd Egyptian–British Conference on Animal, Fish and Poultry Production, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 2: 629-635.
Habeeb, A.A.M., Marai, I.F.M. and Kamal, T.H. (1992). Heat stress. In: Farm Animals and the Environment. Edited by C. Phillips and D. Piggins, Commonwelth Agricultural Perau International, Wallingford, UK pp. 27-47.
Habeeb , A.A.M. ; H.M. Yousef ; S.M. Zahed and A.I. Aboulnaga (1997). T3, cortisol and testosterone levels and some physiological parameters in relation to age and body weight in male buffaloes. Annals of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Zagazig University (Banha-Branch) ,35:2003-2011.
Habeeb, A.A.M., Marai, I.F.M., Kamal, T.H. and Owen, J.B. (1997). Genetic improvement of livestock for heat adaptation in hot climates. International Conference on Animal poultry and rabbit Production and Health, Organized by Institute of Efficient Productivity, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, pp: 11-16.
Habeeb, A.A.M., M. Kh. Ibrahim and H.M. Yousef (2000). Blood and milk contents of triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol in lactating buffaloes and changes in milk yield and composition as a function of lactation number and ambient temperature. Arab J. of Nuclear Science and Applications, 33(2): 313-322.
Habeeb ,A.A.M. ; A.I. Aboulnaga and T.H. Kamal (2001). Heat-induced changes in body water concentration, T3, cortisol, glucose and cholesterol levels and their relationships with thermoneutral body weight gain in Friesian calves. Proceeding of the Second International Conference on Animal Production & Health in Semi-Arid Areas, Suez Canal University, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, El-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt, pp: 97- 108.
Habeeb, A. A. M (2007). Simple methods to estimate total body water using Antipyrine with detection of heat adaptability in animals. The 11th Scientific Conference on Animal Nutrition organized by the Egyptian Society of Nutrition and Feeds , Luxor, Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds , 4 (Special Issue):
Habeeb, A. A. M.; Fatma E. I. Teama and S. F. Osman (2007). Detection of heat adaptability using Heat shock proteins and some hormones in Egyptian buffalo calves. Egyptian J. Applied Sciences, 22(2A): 28-53.
Habeeb A. A. M.; K. A. El-Masry; F. E. I. Teama and A. E. Gad (2009).The Role of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Heat Shock Proteins in Heat Stressed Cattle. Egyptian J. of Applied Sciences, 24(6A):32-56.
Habeeb, A. A. M (2009). Estimating the adaptability of farm animals to hot climatic conditions using radioisotopes. The 12th Scientific Conference on Animal Nutrition organized by the Egyptian Society of Nutrition and Feeds, Held at Sharm El-Shiekh–Sinai, Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, (Special Issue): (Under press).
Hales J. R. S.; R. W. Hubbard and S. L. Gaffin (1996) Limitation of heat tolerance. In: Handbook of Physiology (Fregly MJ, Blatteis CM, Eds). New York, Oxford University Press: 279-355.
Kamal, T.H. ; S.I. Mostafa ; A.A.M. Habeeb ; K.M. Elmasry ; A.M. Abdel-Samee ; A.I. Aboulnaga ; F.A. Kassab and A.M. Abdel-Hamid (1988). Development of a new heat tolerance index for selecting productive goats for the tropics. In: Isotope Aided Studies on Livestock Productivity in Mediterranean and North African Countries. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp: 85- 93.
Kamal, T. H. and A. A. M. Habeeb (1999). The effect of sex difference in Friesian calves on heat tolerance using the heat induced changes in total body water, total body solids and some blood components. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci; 14:1-15.
Kamal, T.H., Kotby, E.A. and El-Fouly, H.A. (1972). Total body solids gain and thyroid activity as influenced by goitrogens, diuretics, sprinkling and air cooling in heat stressed Water Buffaloes and Friesians. In: Isotopes Studies in the Physiology of Domestic Animals. Proceedings of International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp. 177-182.
Kamal, T.H., Habeeb, A. A.M., Abdel-Samee, A. and Marai, I.F.M. (1989). Milk production of heat stressed Friesian cows and its improvement in the subtropics. International Symposium. On the Constraints and Possibilities of Ruminant Production in the Dry Subtropics, Cairo, Egypt, EAAP Publication No.38 pp: 156-158.
Kamal, T.H. ; S.I. Mostafa ; A.A.M. Habeeb ; K.M. Elmasry ; A.M. Abdel-Samee ; A.I. Aboulnaga ; F.A. Kassab and A.M. Abdel-Hamid (1988). Development of a new heat tolerance index for selecting productive goats for the tropics. In: Isotope Aided Studies on Livestock Productivity in Mediterranean and North African Countries. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp: 85- 93.
Kamal, T.H. (1976). Indices for heat adaptability of domestic animals. In: The effect of Weather and Climate on Animals, edited by H.D. Johnson, Swets and Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1, 470-475.
Kamal, T.H. (1982). Tritiated water heat-tolerance index to predict the growth rate in calves in hot deserts. In: Use of tritiated water in studies of production and adaptation in ruminants. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp. 49-61.
Kamal, T.H., El-Banna, I.M., Kotby, E.A. and Ayaad, M.A. (1978). Effect of hot climate and management on water retirements and body water in farm animals using tritiated water. Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Application, 11, 160-184.
Kamal, T.H. and Johnson, H.D. (1970). Whole body 40K loss as a predictor of heat tolerance in cattle. J. of dairy science, 53, 1734-1738.
Kamal, T.H. and Johnson, H.D. (1971). Total body solids loss as a measure of a short-term heat stress in cattle. J. of Animal Science, 32, 306-311.
Kamal, T.H., Johnson, H.D. and Ragsdale, A.C. (1962). Metabolic reactions during thermal stress (35 to 95°F) in dairy animals acclimated at 50° and 80°F. Missouri Agriculture Experimental Station, Research Bulletin No. 785.
Johnson, H.D., Shanklin, M.D. and Hahn, L. (1988). Short-term heat acclimation effects on hormonal profile of lactating cows. Missouri Agriculture Experimental Station, Research Bulletin, No. 1061.
Lee, P.H.K. and Phillips, R.W. (1948). Assessment of the adaptability of livestock to climatic stress. J. of Animal Science, 7, 391-426.
McMichael A. J.; M. Ando; R. Carcavallo; P. Epstein; A. Haines; G. Jendritsky; L. Kalkstein; S. Kovats; R. Odongo and J. Patz ( 1996). Climate Change and Human Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Marai, I.F.M., Abdel-Samee, A.M. and El-Gaafary, M.N. (1990). Criteria of response and adaptation to high temperature for reproductive and growth traits of rabbits. Options Mediterraneennes, Serie Seminaries Mediterranean, No. 17, 127-134.
Maria, I.F.M., Habeeb, A.A.M., Daader, A.H. and Yousef, H.M. (1995): Effects of Egyptian sub¬tropical conditions and the heat stress alleviation techniques of water spray and diaphoretics on the growth and physiological functions of Friesian calves. J. Arid Environment, 30: 219-225.
Marai, I.F.M. Habeeb, A. A M., Daader, A.H., and Yousef, H.M. (1997): Effects of diet supplementation and body cooling on Friesian calves reared in high ambient temperature in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. J. of Tropical Animal Health and production, 4: 201-208.
Marai, I.F.M. Habeeb, A.A.M. (1997). Managemental practices to ameliorate heat stress. International Conference on Animal poultry and rabbit Production and Health, Organized by Institute of Efficient Productivity, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, pp: 179-183.
Marai , I.F.M. and A.A.M. Habeeb(1998). Adaptability of Bos taurus Cattle under hot arid conditions. Annals of Arid Zone, 37 : 253 - 281.
McDowell, R.E., Lee, D.H.K., Fohrman, M.H., Sykes, J.F. and Anderson, R. (1955). Rectal temperature and respiratory responses of Jersey and Sindhi-Jersey (F1) crossbred females to a standard hot atmosphere. Journal of Dairy Sciences, 38, 1037-1045.
Mohammed, M.D. and Johnson, H.D. (1985). Effect of growth hormone on milk yield and related physiological functions of Holstein cows exposed to heat stress. J. of Dairy Science, 68: 1123-1133.
Rhoad, A.O. (1944). The Iberia Heat Tolerance Test for Cattle. Tropical Agriculture, 21, 162-164.
Shafie, M.M. and Abdelghany, M. (1978). Structure of respiratory system of sheep as related to heat tolerance. Acta Anatomica, 100, 441-460.
Shebaita, M.K. and Kamal, T.H. (1973). In vivo body composition in ruminants. 1. Blood volume in Friesians and water Buffaloes. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research, 21, 339-350.
Wright, N.C. (1946). Report on the development of cattle breeding and milk production in Ceylon. Eastern No. 179, London, H.M.S.O.
Wright, N.C. (1954). The ecology of domesticated animals. In Progress in the Physiology of Farm Animals. Vol. 1, edited by J. Hammond. Butterworth, London.
Yeck, R.G. and Kibler, H.H. (1958). Predicting heat tolerance from calf vaporization rates. Journal of Animal Science, 17, 1228-1229.
Yousef, M.K. (1985). Stress physiology in livestock. Vol. 2, Ungulates, CRC Press: Boca Raton, Fla.
Yousef, H.M., Habeeb, A.A.M. Fawzy, S.A. and Zahed, S.M. (1996). Effect of direct solar radiation of hot summer season and using two types of sheds on milk yield and composition and some physiological changes in lactating Friesian Cows. 7th Scientific Congress, Faculty of Vet. Med. Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt pp: 63-75.
Yousef, H.M., Habeeb, A.A.M. and EI-Kousey, H. (1997). Body weight gain and some physiological changes in Friesian calves protected with wood or reinforced concrete sheds during hot summer season of Egypt. Egyptian J. Animal Production, 34: 89-101.
Abel-Samee, A.M. (1982). The role of water metabolism in the heat stress syndrome with the use of radioisotopes in cattle. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Ames, D.R. and Ray, D.E. (1983). Environmental manipulation to improve animal productivity. Journal of Animal Science, 47 (Supplement), 209-220.
Beede, D.K. and Collier, R.J. (1986). Potential nutritional strategic for intensively managed cattle during thermal heat stress. J. Anim. Sci., 62, 543-554.
Bianca, W. (1959). The effect of clipping the coat on various reactions of calves to heat. J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge, 52, 380-383.
Benezra, M.V. (1954). A new index for measuring the adaptability of cattle to tropical conditions. Journal of Animal Science, 13, 1115-1119. Bianca, W, (1963). Rectal temperature and respiratory rate as indicators of heat tolerance in cattle. Journal of Agricultural Science, 60, 113-120.
Bonosma, J.C. (1955). The improvement of indigenous breeds in tropical environments. In: Breeding Beef Cattle Unfavorable Environments, edited by A.O. Rhoad. University of Texas Press, Austin, U.S.A. pp. 170-186.
Brown, W.H., Shanklin, M.D., Hahn, G.L. and Johnson, H.D. (1969). Rate of rectal temperature rise as an index of heat sensitivity. Trans ASAE, 12, 225-227 and 230.
Daader, A.H., Marai, I.F.M., Habeeb, A. A.M. and Yousef, H.M. (1989). Improvement of growth performance of Friesian calves under Egyptian sub-tropical conditions. I. Internal cooling techniques using diuretics and drinking cool water. Proceedings of . 3rd Egyptian-British Conference on Animal, Fish and Poultry. Production, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 2: 595-603.
EI-Fouly, H.A. and Kamal, T.H. (1979). Effect of short-term heat exposure on urinary alantoin-N in Friesian calves. World Review of Animal production, 15, 61-64.
El-Masry, K.A. and Marai, I.F.M (1991). Comparison between Friesians and water buffaloes in growth rate, milk production and some blood constituents, during winter and summer conditions of Egypt. Animal Production, 53, 39-43.
El-Masry, K.A., Kamal, T. H., Aboulnaga, A.I. and Marai, I. F. M. (1989). Daily gain, total body solids and biochemical responses of Friesian calves to mineral mixture and urea during heat stress. Proceedings of 3rd Egyptian - British Conference on Animal, Fish and Poultry Production, Alexandria University; Alexandria, Egypt, 2: 643-648.
Habeeb, A.A.M., Abdel-Samee, A.M. and Kamal T.H. (1989). Effect of heats tress, feed supplementation and cooling technique on milk yield, milk composition and some blood constituents in Frisian cows under Egyptian conditions. Proceedings of 3rd Egyptian–British Conference on Animal, Fish and Poultry Production, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 2: 629-635.
Habeeb, A.A.M., Marai, I.F.M. and Kamal, T.H. (1992). Heat stress. In: Farm Animals and the Environment. Edited by C. Phillips and D. Piggins, Commonwelth Agricultural Perau International, Wallingford, UK pp. 27-47.
Habeeb , A.A.M. ; H.M. Yousef ; S.M. Zahed and A.I. Aboulnaga (1997). T3, cortisol and testosterone levels and some physiological parameters in relation to age and body weight in male buffaloes. Annals of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Zagazig University (Banha-Branch) ,35:2003-2011.
Habeeb, A.A.M., Marai, I.F.M., Kamal, T.H. and Owen, J.B. (1997). Genetic improvement of livestock for heat adaptation in hot climates. International Conference on Animal poultry and rabbit Production and Health, Organized by Institute of Efficient Productivity, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, pp: 11-16.
Habeeb, A.A.M., M. Kh. Ibrahim and H.M. Yousef (2000). Blood and milk contents of triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol in lactating buffaloes and changes in milk yield and composition as a function of lactation number and ambient temperature. Arab J. of Nuclear Science and Applications, 33(2): 313-322.
Habeeb ,A.A.M. ; A.I. Aboulnaga and T.H. Kamal (2001). Heat-induced changes in body water concentration, T3, cortisol, glucose and cholesterol levels and their relationships with thermoneutral body weight gain in Friesian calves. Proceeding of the Second International Conference on Animal Production & Health in Semi-Arid Areas, Suez Canal University, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, El-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt, pp: 97- 108.
Habeeb, A. A. M (2007). Simple methods to estimate total body water using Antipyrine with detection of heat adaptability in animals. The 11th Scientific Conference on Animal Nutrition organized by the Egyptian Society of Nutrition and Feeds , Luxor, Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds , 4 (Special Issue):
Habeeb, A. A. M.; Fatma E. I. Teama and S. F. Osman (2007). Detection of heat adaptability using Heat shock proteins and some hormones in Egyptian buffalo calves. Egyptian J. Applied Sciences, 22(2A): 28-53.
Habeeb A. A. M.; K. A. El-Masry; F. E. I. Teama and A. E. Gad (2009).The Role of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Heat Shock Proteins in Heat Stressed Cattle. Egyptian J. of Applied Sciences, 24(6A):32-56.
Habeeb, A. A. M (2009). Estimating the adaptability of farm animals to hot climatic conditions using radioisotopes. The 12th Scientific Conference on Animal Nutrition organized by the Egyptian Society of Nutrition and Feeds, Held at Sharm El-Shiekh–Sinai, Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, (Special Issue): (Under press).
Hales J. R. S.; R. W. Hubbard and S. L. Gaffin (1996) Limitation of heat tolerance. In: Handbook of Physiology (Fregly MJ, Blatteis CM, Eds). New York, Oxford University Press: 279-355.
Kamal, T.H. ; S.I. Mostafa ; A.A.M. Habeeb ; K.M. Elmasry ; A.M. Abdel-Samee ; A.I. Aboulnaga ; F.A. Kassab and A.M. Abdel-Hamid (1988). Development of a new heat tolerance index for selecting productive goats for the tropics. In: Isotope Aided Studies on Livestock Productivity in Mediterranean and North African Countries. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp: 85- 93.
Kamal, T. H. and A. A. M. Habeeb (1999). The effect of sex difference in Friesian calves on heat tolerance using the heat induced changes in total body water, total body solids and some blood components. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci; 14:1-15.
Kamal, T.H., Kotby, E.A. and El-Fouly, H.A. (1972). Total body solids gain and thyroid activity as influenced by goitrogens, diuretics, sprinkling and air cooling in heat stressed Water Buffaloes and Friesians. In: Isotopes Studies in the Physiology of Domestic Animals. Proceedings of International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp. 177-182.
Kamal, T.H., Habeeb, A. A.M., Abdel-Samee, A. and Marai, I.F.M. (1989). Milk production of heat stressed Friesian cows and its improvement in the subtropics. International Symposium. On the Constraints and Possibilities of Ruminant Production in the Dry Subtropics, Cairo, Egypt, EAAP Publication No.38 pp: 156-158.
Kamal, T.H. ; S.I. Mostafa ; A.A.M. Habeeb ; K.M. Elmasry ; A.M. Abdel-Samee ; A.I. Aboulnaga ; F.A. Kassab and A.M. Abdel-Hamid (1988). Development of a new heat tolerance index for selecting productive goats for the tropics. In: Isotope Aided Studies on Livestock Productivity in Mediterranean and North African Countries. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp: 85- 93.
Kamal, T.H. (1976). Indices for heat adaptability of domestic animals. In: The effect of Weather and Climate on Animals, edited by H.D. Johnson, Swets and Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1, 470-475.
Kamal, T.H. (1982). Tritiated water heat-tolerance index to predict the growth rate in calves in hot deserts. In: Use of tritiated water in studies of production and adaptation in ruminants. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp. 49-61.
Kamal, T.H., El-Banna, I.M., Kotby, E.A. and Ayaad, M.A. (1978). Effect of hot climate and management on water retirements and body water in farm animals using tritiated water. Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Application, 11, 160-184.
Kamal, T.H. and Johnson, H.D. (1970). Whole body 40K loss as a predictor of heat tolerance in cattle. J. of dairy science, 53, 1734-1738.
Kamal, T.H. and Johnson, H.D. (1971). Total body solids loss as a measure of a short-term heat stress in cattle. J. of Animal Science, 32, 306-311.
Kamal, T.H., Johnson, H.D. and Ragsdale, A.C. (1962). Metabolic reactions during thermal stress (35 to 95°F) in dairy animals acclimated at 50° and 80°F. Missouri Agriculture Experimental Station, Research Bulletin No. 785.
Johnson, H.D., Shanklin, M.D. and Hahn, L. (1988). Short-term heat acclimation effects on hormonal profile of lactating cows. Missouri Agriculture Experimental Station, Research Bulletin, No. 1061.
Lee, P.H.K. and Phillips, R.W. (1948). Assessment of the adaptability of livestock to climatic stress. J. of Animal Science, 7, 391-426.
McMichael A. J.; M. Ando; R. Carcavallo; P. Epstein; A. Haines; G. Jendritsky; L. Kalkstein; S. Kovats; R. Odongo and J. Patz ( 1996). Climate Change and Human Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Marai, I.F.M., Abdel-Samee, A.M. and El-Gaafary, M.N. (1990). Criteria of response and adaptation to high temperature for reproductive and growth traits of rabbits. Options Mediterraneennes, Serie Seminaries Mediterranean, No. 17, 127-134.
Maria, I.F.M., Habeeb, A.A.M., Daader, A.H. and Yousef, H.M. (1995): Effects of Egyptian sub¬tropical conditions and the heat stress alleviation techniques of water spray and diaphoretics on the growth and physiological functions of Friesian calves. J. Arid Environment, 30: 219-225.
Marai, I.F.M. Habeeb, A. A M., Daader, A.H., and Yousef, H.M. (1997): Effects of diet supplementation and body cooling on Friesian calves reared in high ambient temperature in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. J. of Tropical Animal Health and production, 4: 201-208.
Marai, I.F.M. Habeeb, A.A.M. (1997). Managemental practices to ameliorate heat stress. International Conference on Animal poultry and rabbit Production and Health, Organized by Institute of Efficient Productivity, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, pp: 179-183.
Marai , I.F.M. and A.A.M. Habeeb(1998). Adaptability of Bos taurus Cattle under hot arid conditions. Annals of Arid Zone, 37 : 253 - 281.
McDowell, R.E., Lee, D.H.K., Fohrman, M.H., Sykes, J.F. and Anderson, R. (1955). Rectal temperature and respiratory responses of Jersey and Sindhi-Jersey (F1) crossbred females to a standard hot atmosphere. Journal of Dairy Sciences, 38, 1037-1045.
Mohammed, M.D. and Johnson, H.D. (1985). Effect of growth hormone on milk yield and related physiological functions of Holstein cows exposed to heat stress. J. of Dairy Science, 68: 1123-1133.
Rhoad, A.O. (1944). The Iberia Heat Tolerance Test for Cattle. Tropical Agriculture, 21, 162-164.
Shafie, M.M. and Abdelghany, M. (1978). Structure of respiratory system of sheep as related to heat tolerance. Acta Anatomica, 100, 441-460.
Shebaita, M.K. and Kamal, T.H. (1973). In vivo body composition in ruminants. 1. Blood volume in Friesians and water Buffaloes. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research, 21, 339-350.
Wright, N.C. (1946). Report on the development of cattle breeding and milk production in Ceylon. Eastern No. 179, London, H.M.S.O.
Wright, N.C. (1954). The ecology of domesticated animals. In Progress in the Physiology of Farm Animals. Vol. 1, edited by J. Hammond. Butterworth, London.
Yeck, R.G. and Kibler, H.H. (1958). Predicting heat tolerance from calf vaporization rates. Journal of Animal Science, 17, 1228-1229.
Yousef, M.K. (1985). Stress physiology in livestock. Vol. 2, Ungulates, CRC Press: Boca Raton, Fla.
Yousef, H.M., Habeeb, A.A.M. Fawzy, S.A. and Zahed, S.M. (1996). Effect of direct solar radiation of hot summer season and using two types of sheds on milk yield and composition and some physiological changes in lactating Friesian Cows. 7th Scientific Congress, Faculty of Vet. Med. Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt pp: 63-75.
Yousef, H.M., Habeeb, A.A.M. and EI-Kousey, H. (1997). Body weight gain and some physiological changes in Friesian calves protected with wood or reinforced concrete sheds during hot summer season of Egypt. Egyptian J. Animal Production, 34: 89-101.
Published
2018-10-02
How to Cite
Habeeb, A. A. M. (2018). Optimizing Animal Productivity under Heat Stress Conditions Using Conventional and Recent Technologies. American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 1(3), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.46281/aijmsr.v1i3.188
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Copyright (c) 2018 Alsaied Alnaimy Mostafa Habeeb
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