International Journal of Islamic Business & Management
Islamic Business & Management Society [Affiliated Societies]
THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: ARDL TESTING BOUND
Promoting sustainable development is one of the main objectives in emerging nations. In actuality, these nations desperately require significant investments. Exchange rate volatility is one of the many dangers foreign investors face. This volatility is an essential element that could restrict trading volume and reduce investment. Such fluctuations, which arise in industrialized nations, lead to instability on a worldwide scale. The present article studies the relationship between absolute exchange rate volatility and foreign direct investment (FDI). This study covers 13 developing countries over the period 1980–2022. The model used in this work is an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to estimate the impact of the Real Exchange Rate and its Volatility on FDI. Our results indicate that the exchange rate volatility hurts FDI both in the short and long term. A positive relationship between FDI and REER has also been approved. The findings of this study suggest that developing countries must implement monetary policies to ensure a stable exchange rate that attracts more foreign direct investment. JEL Classification Codes: C130, F310, G150.
Research Paper/Theoretical Paper/Review Paper/Short Communication Paper
FDI, Developing Countries, Real Effective Exchange Rate Volatility, ARDL Model.
THE EFFECT OF EQUITY ON PROFITABILITY AND RISK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKS
The nature of the relationship between equity and risk as well as equity and profitability has been the subject of two basic hypotheses in the literature: the structure-behavior-performance (SCP) approach for the capital-profitability relationship and the moral hazard approach for the capital-risk relationship. The objective of this article is to study the relationship between equity and risk and equity and profitability for 215 banks from 18 emerging countries. This study focuses on Islamic banks and conventional banks. We use a GMM estimator. The results obtained for Islamic banks regarding the relationship between equity and risk did not confirm the moral hazard hypothesis. Indeed, equity has a positive effect on risk with the three measures used (the variance of average economic profitability, the variance of average financial profitability, and the logarithm of Z-Score). The same goes for conventional banks. An increase (decrease) in capital leads to an increase in risk (decrease). As for the relationship between equity and profitability, we found a difference in results for the two types of banks studied (Islamic and conventional). Indeed, for Islamic banks, the SCP (structure-behavior-performance) theory is not verified. An increase (or decrease) in capital leads to a decrease (or increase) in profitability. This was found for the three profitability specifications used (average economic profitability, average financial profitability, and net interest margin). For conventional banks, equity positively affects profitability with its different measures, which is consistent with the structure-behavior-performance paradigm. JEL Classification Codes: G21, C23.
Emerging Countries, Equity, Profitability, Panel, GMM.
Copyright (c) 2024 Arafet Hamida, Amira Lanouar
AI-DRIVEN CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL FOR ENHANCING SHARIAH-COMPLIANT INVESTMENT DECISIONS – A CHINESE STOCK MARKET ANALYSIS
The CAPM makes it possible to estimate prices for specific instruments, like stocks, to project investment returns. As a key element of corporate finance and investment banking, the CAPM investigates the relationship between the level of risk associated with the investment and the inherent risks of the market as a whole. Several assumptions must be used to create the AI-driven mathematical model for Islamic financial assets to achieve the model. The first is that the expected values and standard deviations of the asset's returns are the only factors that influence investors' choices. Additionally, since the zakat and purification are deducted from the anticipated returns, there are no transaction fees. The assets may be marketable and are infinitely divisible in addition. Finally, there is no cap on the amount that may be lent or borrowed at the Sukuk profit rate or other Islamic benchmark rates because all expectations are homogenous. We presented a new AI-driven Islamic CAPM for the estimation of returns for Shariah-compliant A-Shares enterprises. The methodology represents a new AI-driven estimation framework integrated into the Islamic CAPM methodology for the estimation of returns and selection. The methodology was evaluated on an Islamic A-share portfolio, with the stocks being listed on both the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges. The analysis demonstrates the ability of the methodology to provide Shariah-compliant optimal returns for the stocks and ensure Shariah compliance of the portfolio allocations. JEL Classification Codes: K22, L11, O11, C61, C68.
Islamic Capital Asset Pricing Model, Shariah Compliance, Machine Learning, Chinese A-Shares.
Copyright (c) 2023 Klemens Katterbauer, Hassan Syed, Laurent Cleenewerck, Sema Yilmaz Genc
ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AS SOLUTION TO FINANCIAL EXCLUSION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: A MODEL DEVELOPMENT
The study is to assess the causes and barriers of financial exclusion using three theories, including vulnerability theory (Poverty and Religiosity), financial literacy theory (Awareness), and public service theory (Attitude of Government Policy), to evaluate the relationship between the Islamic financial institutions and financial exclusion in Northern Nigeria. The study adopted a random sampling method with 450 respondents using Confirmatory Factor Analysis under Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and SPSS. The study indicates the positive relationship between the three theories and financial exclusion and further identified some theoretical contributions indicating highly influential relationships between the predicted variables of the above theories. The study further identified the most significant contribution to the financial institutions by developing relevant literature to sort out the issues and challenges behind financial exclusion in Nigeria. Islamic financial institutions are considered a phenomenon and solution to this current issue of financial exclusion. The present study developed an integrated model which defines financial exclusion and its approach through three theories in addressing financial exclusion in Nigeria. It is also considered among the country's first attempts to solve financial exclusion. JEL Classification Codes: G18, G23, G53, I32.
Causes, Financial Exclusion, Islamic Financial Institution.
Copyright (c) 2022 Tijjani Muhammad, Besar Bin Ngah, Fahd Al-Shaghdari
THE IMPACT OF ISLAMIC FINANCE TOWARDS HALAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND PATRONISING HALAL SMES IN NIGERIA
The study assesses the level of Islamic finance on halal awareness, products, certification, and brands through the behavioural intention to patronise Islamic SMEs products for better Halal production, as most of the SME's products neglect Halal certification in their daily production. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used the Confirmatory Factor Analysis under Structural Equation modelling using a qualitative data collection technique through convenience sampling. The cluster sampling of selecting the SMEs with their consumer. The validity and reliability were also tested for data justification. This paper designed and collected data from the three categories of stakeholders, Consumers and others in Northern Nigeria, considering the vast population of the states in the Northern part of the country. The result shows that the priority issues that enhanced social awareness, halal products, certification and halal brands have a positive relationship with market patronage. Further, describes the weak factors hindering halal certification through a cluster model based on the categories of the responses proposed by the halal integrity network. The practical implication addressed and developed an alternative way of managing factors that hamper the concerned Halal certification towards Halal industries and their ingredients and logistics for Muslim markets patronage. Originality/Value: It is challenging to find a paper that discusses factors that hamper Halal certification in Northern Nigeria and with a new method introduced of using CFA under SEM for model development industries in Northern Nigeria. JEL Classification Codes: D21, G19, M31.
Halal, Theory of planned Behaviour, Market Patronage, Northern Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2022 Tijjani Muhammad, Musa Umar Yakasai
COVID-19 AND THE PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA
Covid-19 has an impact on the profitability of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Islamic banks' profitability in Indonesia tends to decline during a covid-19 outbreak. Although declining, the profitability indicators measured by Return on Asset and Net Operating Margin are more stable than Return on Equity. The average Return on Equity declined sharply in the fourth quarter of 2021. This study aims to analyze the determinants of the profitability of Islamic banks, including internal bank factors and macroeconomic indicators during the covid-19 outbreak. This study uses a quantitative approach with the fixed effect method. This study employs panel data from 8 Islamic commercial banks from 2020q1 to 2021q4. The results show that capital adequacy, disbursed financing, and operational efficiency has a negative and significant effect on the profitability of Islamic banks. Financing risk and bank size have no significant effect on the profitability of Islamic banks. Macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth, inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates have no significant effect on the profitability of Islamic banks. During the covid-19 pandemic, to increase profitability, banks need to reduce the capital and financing provided to customers. On the other hand, to increase profitability, Islamic banks need to reduce unnecessary costs so that income is not eroded. Macroeconomic indicators do not influence the performance of Islamic banks. This shows that Islamic commercial banks are more resistant to economic turbulence. JEL Classification Codes: G21, L25, O18.
Covid-19, Profitability, Performance, Islamic Banks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Sholikha Oktavi Khalifaturofi‘ah, Indra Listyarti, Ririn Poerwanti
THE METHODOLOGY OF ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Islamization of knowledge (IOK) merges ethical principles of Islam with the finest contemporary intelligence to reach a new ijma (consensus) pertinent to divine pieces of knowledge, sciences and scientific methods that are compatible with Islamic teachings, ethics and values. Islamizing knowledge and thought are crucial to attaining the objective of Islam in human existence regardless of their religious or geographical identities. It, therefore, is fit to be incorporated in most pure sciences. The process of IOK often in its commencement emphasizes the style and method above its substance to circulate its essence through an appropriate structure. It values the higher objective, Islamic teachings and ethics in its process, which are Islam's foundation in socio-political and epistemological paradigms. There is an actual obscure for any embryonic paradigm to pattern a dynamic methodology, and IOK is not unconventional from that obscure. Although IOK characteristically upholds its strength in terms of its methodological features of direct and indirect divine scriptures, which remarkably minimize the obstacles in its journey, yet, there is a pressing need for the investigation of current methodology and adoption of newly devised methodologies based on the sources of knowledge and whose proposal is to be the aim of the study. A descriptive approach of the qualitative method will be followed to achieve the study's objective. JEL Classification Codes: I20, I21, I23.
Islamization, Methodology, Knowledge, Thought.
Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Mostofa Hossain, Luqman Haji Abdullah, Muhammad Tazammol Hoque, Muhammad Ikhlas Bin Roslee
Islam teaches Muslims to be clever in seeking of “rizki” (income) and spending it wisely to achieve well-being, happiness in the Islamic way. This study aims to prove whether Islamic Financial Knowledge, religiosity, self-control, and lifestyle are determinants of debt management behavior in Muslim communities. Furthermore, this study also examines whether debt management behavior affects financial well-being. This study is a quantitative study using a carefully developed questionnaire and tested for validity and reliability. The selected samples are residents of Surabaya who earning money from work. By surveying 331 respondents and using SEM analysis tools, behavior towards debt was confirmed as a determinant of welfare even the correlation number is small but significant. This study also proved that financial knowledge does not affect self-control but lifestyle and religiosity do. Furthermore, financial knowledge together with self-control and religiosity are predictor of behavior. Interestingly, the result shows that the higher the religiosity, the lower the debt behavior. This fact may be since there are some cultural rituals on a religious event that need extra spending. This result implies that Moslem should be careful with their lifestyle especially regarding Islamic events and consumerism as identity since it can reduce self-control and in turn potentially lower financial management. Using debt to fulfill the lifestyle is dangerous for well being. JEL Classification Codes: D1, I22, R11.
Debt Management Behavior, Financial Well-Being, Islamic Financial Literacy.
Copyright (c) 2022 Wiwik Lestari, Meliza Silvy
DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES MOBILISATION OF INTEREST-FREE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Interest-free Cooperative society is introduced as a mirror of conventional cooperatives though on the principle of Islamic finance, to mobilise financial resources with the aim of promoting the socio-economic welfare of their members. There is however some restriction to the quantity of savings that could be mobilized. The study therefore assessed the determinants of savings mobilization in interest-free cooperative in Ilorin Kwara State. Data were collected with the use of questionnaire which was administered on 365 members of institution-based interest-free cooperative societies in Ilorin metropolis. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Cronbach’s alpha tests were performed to establish the validity and reliability of the research instrument. Logistic regression analysis was conducted and it was found that mode of saving, credit administration, internal governance and member’s awareness have positive effect on volume of savings mobilized and the effects are significant at 5% and 1% level of significance. The study concluded that the mode of savings, credit administration, internal governance, and members awareness affect resources mobilization of Islamic cooperatives in Ilorin metropolis. Direct deduction of savings from salaries, higher level of transparency and accountability, sensitization campaign are recommended for effective and efficient financial resources mobilization in interest-free cooperative societies.
Interest-free, Islamic, Financial Resources, Kwara, Savings.
Copyright (c) 2021 Abdulrazaq Taiye Jimoh
AN APPRAISAL OF THE IMPACT OF ISLAMIC CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOME SELECTED STATES IN NIGERIA
This study assessed the impact of Islamic Co-operatives Societies (ICSs) theoretically, legally and practically on Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria and consider its establishment in our various conventional interest-based economy community, which contradicts the ideals of Islamic principles of finance. The research was carried out within the general framework of Islamic financial principles and precepts. The research work focused on the needs of financing a large and growing Muslims community in line with their Islamic tenets thereby concentrating on the feasibility of adopting suitable ICS’s modus operandi for the Muslim Community. It also studies the current realities of the ICSs being practiced in Nigeria from the perspective of the theories of Islamic financial system. Within this spectrum the operations and functions of registered Islamic cooperative societies in Adamawa Gombe, Kwara, and Zamfara States were reviewed. The study examined the key role of ICSs in an economy in fulfilling the microfinance needs of Muslims community, and find out that ICSs is a viable alternative solution to the conventional cooperative models and also alternative measure with potentiality to alleviate poverty. The study is limited in scope in a sense that it is not a comparative study of Islamic financial system with doctrines of other religions, ideologies and systems. JEL Classification Codes: D6, F63, R51, Q01, P13.
Cooperative Society, ICSs, Conventional, Poverty, Socio-Economic.
Copyright (c) 2021 Aminu Abdulrahim Olayinka, Abdul Fattah Abdul Ganiy , Murtala Sirajo
HOW SOCIAL ARE ISLAMIC BANKS IN PAKISTAN?
Purpose: This research paper attempts to prove that social outcomes are one of the objectives of Islamic banks and tries to investigate whether social failure exists in the Islamic banking sector of Pakistan by assessing the social performance of Islamic banks against performance indicators of social outcomes. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: In this paper content analysis of annual reports of a sample of 4 Islamic conventional banks and 4 Islamic banking units functioning in Pakistan is conducted. The social outcomes that are attempted to be measured of the Islamic banks in this research paper are derived from social objectives present in literature, in addition to this, Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini Research, 17 Sustainable Development goals of the United Nations, five Environment Social Governance scorecards developed by Oikocredit which is a global cooperative and social investor group, and Analytics index of corporate social performance are used for the derivation of social outcomes. Findings: Conventional Islamic banks in Pakistan are doing better than Islamic banking units on measures of social responsiveness. Originality/ Value: This research paper is based on the framework of the research paper “How social is Islamic banking” written on the Islamic banking sector of Indonesia by Luthfi Hamidi and Andrew C. Worthington. JEL Classification Codes: G0, G2, P4, Q3.
Islamic Banking, Business, Social Responsiveness, Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Social Performance.
THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP AND ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN RIAU PROVINCE MEDIATED BY ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Islamic leadership and Islamic work ethics on employee performance of Islamic banks in Riau province, whereby Islamic organizational culture became the mediator variable. This research employs the Structure Equation Model (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 M3 software. The data were collected by using a questionnaire from 275 respondents. The respondent in this research was an employee of Islamic banks in Riau Province. The result showed that Islamic leadership, Islamic work ethics, and Islamic organizational culture positively and significantly influence on employee performance of Islamic banks in Riau province. On another side, the Islamic leadership mediated by Islamic organizational culture does not significantly influence on employee performance of Islamic Banks in Riau Provence. The finding of this research suggests that to enhance the role of Islamic leadership to create Islamic organization culture and Islamic work ethics increasingly would be an effect on employee performance of Islamic Bank in Riau province. JEL Classification Codes : M1, G21, M540.
: Islamic Leadership, Islamic Work Ethics, Islamic Organizational Culture, Employee Performance, Islamic Bank.
Copyright (c) 2021 Zulfadli Hamzah, Yuswar Zainal Basri, Zulhelmy
GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: AN ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH
The purpose of this study is to determine the solutions to financial crises based on the perspective of Islamic management. It also discusses the roles of faith and Islamic monotheism in managing the global financial crisis. The qualitative method was used to obtain data from books and articles related to Islamic management based on Qur’an and Hadith. These data were further analyzed and used as a solution to problems related to the global financial crisis by Islamic values. The result showed that the values of faith and monotheism following organizational policy and management tend to minimize financial speculative actions and greed. In addition, these values assist managers in planning, organizing, directing, and supervising their subordinates under Islamic rules and regulations. The application of this value is mainly reflected in the aspects of behavior, organizational aspects, and system aspects through the mechanism of placing the sharia supervisory board and profit-sharing in Islamic financial institutions, simplicity, and avoiding is in organizational management as well as the principle of prudence and avoiding speculative action. This research supports the role of the Islamic management system in winning finances and implementing organizational policies to overcome global financial problems. JELClassification Codes: G01, H12, D46.
Global Financial Crisis, Islamic Management, Faith Values, Tauhid Values.
Copyright (c) 2021 Ivan Rahmat Santoso, Fahruddin Zain Olilingo
Islamic Bank Safety Net Issues: The Regulatory Challenges for Cross Border Islamic Banking Transactions
This paper aims to identify major regulatory challenges in the safety net for providing insurances to the depositors in the cross-border transaction over the world. The study found that Islamic banking is facing major challenges to issue appropriate rules and regulations for providing the right safety against the deposit of customers with a conventional counterpart base on the Islamic shariah principles. Especially in the area of “chartering or licensing function, prudential regulation and supervision, deposits in the central bank, intervention and resolution mechanisms and capital adequacy standard” for safety net issues of Islamic Bank. The study recommended that the policymakers need to pay heed in a deliberate and intentional way to solve the above regulatory issues to face the existing challenges for the smooth operation and bright prospect of the Islamic Banking sector in the future. JEL Classification Codes: G21, G24, L26, P51.
Safety Net, Islamic Banking, Regulations, Cross Border Activities.
Copyright (c) 2020 Abul Bashar Bhuiyan, Abdul Ghafar Ismail, K. M. Anwarul Islam, Abd Halim Mohd Noor, Mohammad Solaiman, Mohammad Abdur Rahman
Challenges Faced in Full Establishment of Islamic Banking System in Nigeria
Islamic banking in Nigeria is still at its infant stage and surrounded by a lot of challenges and set bank. It is important to note that despite the huge number of Muslims population in the country, little progress has been made in ensuring its full take off and operationalization. The paper there examines the challenges Islamic banking is faced with in Nigeria. Through review of past studies, the paper the paper identify factors like; Problem of Competition with dominant conventional banks, Problem of Competition with dominant conventional banks, Double taxation and others as the major challenges of Islamic banking in Nigeria. However the paper, the paper recommends that Islamic banking and finance in Nigeria offers a huge investment opportunity for both domestic and foreign investors what is most needed to achieve this, is for all stakeholders to collaborate in a way that a structured, functional and sustainable Islamic banking model will be formulated and communicated widely so as to gain general acceptability. Furthermore, the paper will serve as a guide to investors by pointing the problems the Islamic banking sector is facing in Nigeria.
Islamic banking, Islamic finance, Nigeria
The point of this paper was "Morals—The Islamic Perspective" is to pre-sent the moral strategy for directors from an Islamic viewpoint.In the advanced world, the western/contemporary school of thought presents different ideas to cover business morals that don't really apply to qualities, ethics, and morals as communicated through the Islamic focal point.
Islamic Principles, Business Ethics, Islamic Perspective.
Copyright (c) 2017 Md. Rezaul Karim Miajee
Human Resource Management: An Islamic Perspective
The point of this paper was "Practically equivalent to the different subjects in the board, HR is an exceptional topic as it manages living creatures rather than advertising where the most noteworthy subject is the "item/administration" or business morals where basic leadership in circumstances is the topic.
HRM, Business Ethics, Islamic Perspective.
Copyright (c) 2017 Orobah Ali Barghouthi
The point of this paper was Leadership is a much investigated subject in the western/contemporary school. From alluring, value-based, transformational, and worker administration speculations, which were the most broadly talked about, the center has now moved to the moral and good element of leadership.1– 3 Hunt and Conger affirm that the scope of new authority originations is very abroad. In the western/contemporary school of thought, authority is enthusiastic about the agenda.In expansion to administration standards developing and hailed by best partnerships.
Leadership, Ethics, Islamic Perspective.
The point of this paper was happened to think about whether there is anything, for example, "Islamic showcasing." Her argu¬ment began from the thought of inefficient use/lavishness in Islam: "Israf." She offered her clarification on how promoting today (which basically is contemporary advertising) centers on commercialization and "cre¬ating a need." The Webster's lexicon characterizes industrialism as "the concept that a regularly extending utilization of merchandise is favorable to the economy" which in Islam is "excess/Israf," and is profoundly dismissed. Just in this way, on the off chance that promoting depends on commercialization, quite a bit of what she said is genuinely like how individuals see the presence of Islamic advertising as an idea. To an expansive degree, this couldn't be opposing this idea.
Socio-Economic Assessment of Religious Tourism in Nigeria
The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-economic impact of religious tourism in Nigeria. Data for this study are from secondary sources and it covers 2000-2011. The technique of content analysis was used to analyze the contents of these materials. The paper reveals that the springing up of different Pentecostal Churches across the country and the various conventions and festivals being held annually and quarterly by this churches have virtually increase the numbers of arrivals from overseas countries who visit the country to attend various religious programs. This has generated employment for the inhabitants of the areas; religious tourism has become the highest earner of foreign exchange for the country's tourism industry even though tourism industry is still in embryonic stages and has not yet assumed a significant position in Nigeria’s GDP pie. This paper recommends that the hospitality industry should upgrade existing facilities while the government should construct or upgrade to international standards roads leading to major cities and rural areas and needs to provide basic amenities in tourism destinations. At the local government level, inventory of all tourist sites and festivals in different localities should be published so as to bring these tourist sites into limelight. All religious communities must educate their clergy on the need for religious harmony and the toleration of other faiths.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Payment of Zakat in Special Capital Region (DKI) of Jakarta
The objective of this research is for analyzing and describing matters that affect the willingness of the community in the DKI Jakarta in paying the zakat. This is done through a theoretical model of knowledge, attitude, religiousness, motivation, and income of the Muslim community in their payment of the zakat. This model will specifically empirically test the direct effects of knowledge, attitude, motivation, religiousness, and income of the Islamic community to the impacts of the willingness of the Islamic community in paying the zakat. This research is conducted by taking a total of 430 Islam community members as research objects in 5 region of DKI Jakarta, by using the purposeful sampling technique. The total of respondents as the research population is 430 persons. For interpreting and analyzing the data, the analytical technique used is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using the AMOS software. The result of the hypothesis testing has verified that the factors of knowledge, attitude, religiousness, motivation, and income of the Muslim community have significantly increased their willingness to pay the zakat. Also the model used in this research is acceptable and is valid, as indiccated by the appropriateness index, all of which have met the requirements. The results of this study indicate that there is the potential for increasing the zakat revenue through increasing the willingnes/interest of the muzakki to pay the zakat, as such increased interest is affected by the increasing knowledge, attitude, religiousness, motivation, and income of the muzakki. This has increased the conviction that the zakat has a very strategic function in the economy of the state, namely as one of the instruments for distributing wealth and increase the wellbeing of society as a whole.
6 variables, knowledge, attitude, religuiousness, motivation, income, interest, zakat
Copyright (c) 2018 Dwi Poetra Sedjati, Yuzwar Z. Basri, Uswatun Hasanah
Sayyid Mawdudi's Contribution towards Islamic Revivalism in the Contemporary Islamic Political thought
This paper discussed the role and ideas of Sheikh Mawdudi in religion and politics in India and later Pakistan, Lahore. It is very paramount that Islamic scholars are considered to be relevant in moulding the minds of Muslims Ummah towards adherence to their religion and participation in politics and electoral process. Therefore, this article highlights the major contributions made by Mawdudi and outlines his role in terms of revivalism during his life-time and beyond. This is accomplished by investigating his major works and his teachings especially in shaping participation in political circle so as to ensure that Muslims are participated in the political and electoral process in India and Pakistan. In his political thought, Sheikh Mawdudi believed strongly in the formation of Islamic state and participation of Muslims in politics and governance as against the other views of anti-democratic arguments. His major concern is to encourage Muslims Ummah to adhere to the teaching of Islam and participate in all government activities in order to protect the interest of their religion considering the diverse nature of these countries. Therefore, assessing the role played by Mawdudi will significantly improve our understanding of Islamization movement towards determining social reality, justice and equity along Islamic ethics and values.
Islamic Revivalism, Islamic Political Thought, Political Participation, Social Justice, Democracy, Welfarism and Social Responsibilities.
Copyright (c) 2018 Ibrahim Suleiman, Ya’u Idris Gadau
Factors Affecting Internal Control of Zakat Organizations in Tawhidi String Relationship Perspective
The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect the internal control of zakat organizations. The variables of this study are organizational culture, strategic planning, external audit, internal audit and internal control. The study data were collected through 326 questionnaires obtained from employees and leaders from five zakat organizations in Indonesia. The approach of this research is Tawhidi String Relation (TSR). Data analysis in this research using method Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS).The results of the study found that:(1). Organizational culture, strategic planning, external audit, and internal audit have positive and significant effect on internal controls; (2). Strategic planning, internal audit and internal control have positive and significant effect on organizational culture, while external audit has no significant effect on organizational culture; (3). Organizational culture, external audit, internal audit and internal control have positive and significant effect on strategic planning; (4). Organizational culture, strategic planning, internal audit and internal control have positive and significant effect on external audit; and (5). Organizational culture, strategic planning, external audit, and internal control have positive and significant effect on internal audit.
Copyright (c) 2018 Achmad Aryandra, Yuswar Z. Basri,Tatik Mariyanti
Islamic Microfinance and Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh
The main objective of this study is to explore the Islamic Microfinance Instruments in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh. The methodology of this study is based on secondary data including existing relevant literature, and annual reports of different financial institutions. The findings of this study show that Islamic microfinance institutions have a broader scope to attain SDGs through their various investment modes.The study categorizes the Islamic microfinance instruments into four broadly parts which are profit and loss sharing financing, non-profit & loss sharing financing, Islamic social enterprise based financing and charity based financing which have a positive effect to the real sector of the sustainable economy that will lead towards achieving SDGs. The Islamic Microfinance institutions are continuing their efforts in attaining SDGs through their various products. With growing the potentiality, Islamic microfinance has both direct and indirect impacts on ensuring economic development, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion by creating employment opportunity, spreading knowledge and skills, making self-dependent, protecting from adverse effects. The paper also tries to put recommendations to reduce the challenges of Islamic microfinance acting as impediments to achieving the SDGs.
Islamic Microfinance (IMF), Islamic Microfinance Institutions (IMFIs), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Bangladesh.
Copyright (c) 2018 Md. Harun Ur Rashid, Mohammed Jashim Uddin, Shah Asadullah Mohd. Zobair
Attaining Financial Inclusion through Ijarah Contract: Assessing the Potentials of Ijarah-Wa-Iqtina in Venture Financing of Tricycles in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria
Ijarah-wa-iqtina, also known as Al-Ijarah Thummal Al-Bay (AITAB) is a leasing contract where the ownership of the leased asset is transferred to the lessee at the end of the leasing contract. With the inception of Ja’iz Bank Nigeria Plc, the product has grown in the Ja’iz Bank’s housing and auto-finance. Despite this popularity, majority of small scale businesses especially tricycle operators in Kano metropolis are still not aware of the product and the benefits attached to it. This research assesses the potentials of Ijarah-wa-iqtina in financing tricycle operation in Kano using a multiple regression model from a sample of 311 respondents. The study found myriad of problems associated with conventional mode financing arrangements prior to ijarah-wa-iqtina. It was also established that religious inclinations of respondents have strong influence on potential benefits from switching to ijarah-wa-iqtina. The paper recommends that Islamic financial institutions and well-to-do business persons in Kano metropolis on the need to promote both formal and non-formal Islamic finance among tricycles operators via ijarah-wa-iqtina.
Ijarah-Wa-Iqtina, Tricycles Operation, Kano Metropolis, Islamic Finance, Financial Inclusion
Copyright (c) 2018 Muhammad Bako, Shehu U. R. Aliyu
Influence of Religiopoliticology and Duressed Womankind: Perspective Bangladesh
The world is continuing at its own orbiting and fugitive for the adamboma or bomb of Adam in the womankind and mankind, who are classified into the four generations, and they are religious world, nonreligious world, scientist world and humanitarian world but the people of Bangladesh are in the same kind like the world people to find out God and how they use religions, which is that have discussed by this paper. Bangladesh is a land of ice-aged. It has ancient beliefs, fear, and faiths, which are convinced on the inter-ward eyes, concise and understanding. The original people of her are Non-Aryan. Aryans come to here from the Persian and Middle East countries in the caravan of the rules of the chronology, many foreigners who come to Bengal, they are Greeks, Europeans, and Africans, all of them capture Bengali and they rule Bengal. They snatch away their own land, language, culture, economics, politics, beliefs, and love-nets. Here makes up all official religions, someone is downtrodden by them who remake apartheid in the society of Bengal, this is why they are de-throne from their own land, and they try to live as a freedom where they make up folk-religions. Bengalees learn the foreigners’ religions and they convert into these official religions. The rulers of Bengal rule them as following the religious doctrines only for getting votes when they need to play political power playing and that is why they use them. They use many styles of God theory. The Bengalees, they can how to use the orders of God that will be sought out in this paper. This paper seeks that how the cultic dynamics radicalization runs in Bangladesh and what is the best concept of God in Bangladesh. All people live in equal in the land of God in Bangladesh that empirically applies, for the globe.
Review of the Literatures on Stock Price Behavior of Malaysia
Stock price behavior is one of the core concerns of researchers and finance scholars from more than a half-century of years. Most of the times, they have tried to identify unexplored anomalies that could be used to explain stock price movement in the different stock market. As a result, we have found different models and theories relating to stock price behavior as well as the efficiency of the stock market. Malaysian stock market is considered the second among the largest South East Asian stock markets according to its domestic market capitalization. A considerable number of researches have already been done on the stock price behavior of Malaysian stock market. This study reviews the existing literatures on the stock price behavior of Malaysian stock markets within two wings, literatures on efficient market hypothesis of Malaysian market and the effect of economic and financial variables on the stock price.
Stock Price Behavior, Efficient Market Hypothesis, Economic Variables
Copyright (c) 2018 Fatima Ruhani, Md. Aminul Islam, Tunku Salha Tunku Ahmad
Islamic Insurance in Bangladesh: Performance, Problems and Prospects
Islamic insurance companies can provide efficient takaful services to the nation if they had the opportunity to work as a sole system in an economy. But in Bangladesh, Insurance companies are operating their activities under the dual framework both of conventional and Islamic framework monitored by the Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority (IDRA). This paper focuses key issues, technical issues and Challenges facing the Takaful industry in Bangladesh. Key Issues and Challenges are Scarcity of human resources with both insurance and Shariah expertise, Lack of standardization in the industry that is due to Shariah interpretations, diverging regulatory approaches and the lack of centralized regulations and shortage of suitable assets. In addition, there are various technical issues within the takaful industry, which may be relevant in the valuation and risk management of takaful business. Some of the technical issues are riba, issues around retakaful, too much stress on profit distribution and lengthy procedure in claim’s settlement. Some main benefits of Islamic insurance practices in Bangladesh are mobilization of savings, islamically approved (Halal) investment opportunity, opportunity to perform good deeds and to do charitable works, and distribution of Zakat.
Islamic insurance, Shariah, takaful, challenges, regulation and zakat.
Copyright (c) 2019 Serajul Islam,Tania Sultana
Practices of Islamic Ethics in the Electronics Industry in Bangladesh: A Study on Minister Hi-Tech Park Electronics Ltd.
The main purpose of this paper is to identify the practices of Islamic ethics at Minister Hi-Tech Park Electronics Ltd. on the basis of focus group discussion. Islam places the most emphasis on ethical values in all aspects of human life especially in business. By running the business Islamic point of view Minister Hi-Tech Park Electronics Ltd. is attaining competitive advantage. There have been three focus group of discussion; the first one is with the internal employees of the company (top management to field level employee, the second one is with the board of Shariah and stakeholders of the company (investors, suppliers, creditors, competitors) and the third one is with the income and tax revenue board of Bangladesh. The paper has also presented the various repeatedly verses from Quran and the teachings of the prophet. The three focus groups discussed on the basis of Quran, Hadith and the variables like “Islam as entire course of life”, “Morality of individuals, Superiority of business concept, “Integrated business ethics”, Racism, Mutual consent, Halal Items practice of Minister Hi-Tech Park Ltd. Being Muslims, we have to follow the rules and regulation of Islamic ethics which stated by Islamic jurisprudence. Minister Hi-Tech Park Ltd. will sustain its image and will be able to survive.
Islamic Ethics, Morality of Individuals, Free Enterprise, Haram Items, Racism, Mutual Consent, Minister Hi-Tech Park Electronics Ltd.
Copyright (c) 2019 M.A Razzak Khan ,Wasib Bin Latif ,Selim Ahmed,Marzan Ara Hira,Dil Ruba Tanu
Rastin Certificate Market (RCM):A Complementary System of Rastin Banking
New financial instruments as Rastin Certificates and Rastin Swap Bonds are used in Rastin banking. Rastin Certificate Market (RCM) provides necessary conditions for transaction and transfer of these instruments based on information technology and the integrated Rastin banking subsystems. This market is accessible for electronic account holders on the World Wide Web.
Islamic Banking, Rastin Banking, Rastin Profit and Loss Sharing, Electronic Transaction,Rastin Certificate, Over the Counter Market, Secondary Market