The Hierarchical Procedures of Writing A Well Articulated Quantitative Academic Paper

The study examined the logical stages of writing a well-articulated quantitative academic paper based on reviewing a well scholarly write ups. The paper is a conceptualised article that restricted itself within the saying and perceptions of the worldwide recognised scholars from the field of research methodology. As a researcher in the field of research, his abstract is expected to constitute of 7 points namely: Objectives, methodology, major findings, policy implication, and contribution to knowledge, major critics, and frontier of research.


Introduction
Structure is very crucial in constructing either academic paper or non-academic paper.The first thing before embarking on any research, you should have the following structure on ground because is very crucial in writing article/paper:- Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Capital Adequacy of Deposits Money Banks in Nigeria.
Theoretical Framework: The researcher has two options in presenting his theoretical framework, he can either explain the different theories that can back up his study and then finally state the theory underpinning his study or by going straight forward to the theory that underpinned his study. E.g. for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Financial Performance of Quoted Conglomerate in Nigeria. The theories that can come under this are:  Agency Theory  Stakeholders Theory  Political Economy Theory  Stockholders Theory  Virtuous Cycle Theory  Legitimacy Theory  Institutional Theory etc Then the researcher may decide to consider Stakeholders theory after stating solidified reasons of condemning other theories based on their deficiencies and giving concrete reasons for taking stakeholders theory to underpinned his study. Or assuming the researcher decided to use a topic that deals with consolidation of Banks in Nigeria. He may decide to use either:  Financial Intermediation Theory or  Concentration Theory or even  Capitalisation Theory Summary:-This sub-section entails the entire summary of section/chapter two (2) in a precisely and concisely manner. 2. Methodology of the Study:-A typical methodology should contain seven (7) things namely: 2.1 Introduction: it should have an opening introduction that will itemise things that the section entails.

Research Design:
There is need for the researcher to have research design because it will help him to provide answers to research questions and to control variance. In other words is to test the validity of the proposed hypothesis. Since the research design is a blue print of procedures as such it can either be sampling research design, survey research design, experimental research design or causal effect research design.

Population and Sampling
Design:-Since the population may be finite or infinite as such there is need for specification of what to use in either of the situation. For e.g. Banks in Nigeria is a finite population. Nevertheless, the researcher may decide to adopt a criteria so as to reduce the size of the population with the help of filtration(i.e. sample size) such as :  First generation Banks  Year of Incorporation  Regional Banks are Exempted  Banks that didn't published there financial statements online are exempted  Quoted Banks in the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) While for infinite population the researcher has no any alternative rather than to use filter to reduce the size to consider unlike finite population he may decides to take the entire population to constitute his sample size (i.e. Census Approach). In the case of sample size it deals with part of the population deliberately taken to represent the population of the study. The researcher has to apply a proper sampling technique either probability sampling technique or Non-probability sampling technique and even under the probability sampling technique is it random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling or area/cluster sampling and if it is under Non-probability sampling technique is it accidental sampling, Quota sampling, Judgemental sampling or Panel sampling technique.

Sources of Data Collection and Method of Data Collection
:-the researcher needs to specify the sources of data collection is it primary source of data (i.e. Observation, group interview or individual Interview, Structured Questionnaire or Unstructured Questionnaire or even semi-structured Questionnaire ) or secondary source of data (i.e. Published materials such as journals, magazines, newspapers, books, students Viva or Dissertations, or even Graphs) or even both. He needs to categorically state it whether he will use quantitative data (i.e. Numerical Data) or qualitative data (i.e. Non-numerical Data) or even both in some scenarios. = α₀ + β₁X₁ i + β 2 X 2i + β 3 X 3i … + β n X ni + e ni Time Series Model: -Y t = α₀ + β₁X₁ t + β 2 X 2t + β 3 X 3t … + β n X nt + e nt Panel/Longitudinal Model: -Y it = α₀ + β₁X₁ it + β 2 X 2it + β 3 X 3it … + β n X nit + e nit When you are dealing with one company but many years of their data is called time series data. If it is many companies but one year is called cross sectional data, but if you are dealing with many companies and many years is called longitudinal or panel data. All of the above aforementioned models are multiple or multivariate regression models because in each of them there is only one dependent variable (i.e. Y it, Y t and Y i ) and more than one independent variables. Bivariate or Simple regression model contain one dependent variable and one independent variable. The research is expected to gives a solidified justification of choosing either of the model. 2.7 Chapter Summary:-This sub-section entails the entire summary of section/chapter three (3) in a precisely and concisely manner.

Result and Discussion (i.e. Article or Paper) or Data Presentation and Analysis (i.e. Thesis or Dissertation)
:-This chapter/section has the following things 3.1 Introduction:-it should have an opening introduction that will itemise things that the section entails.

Descriptive Statistics of the Data:-
The researcher needs to present the summary of his descriptive statistics which consists of the Mean, Median, Mode, Minimum, Maximum, Variance, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. Usually presented in a tabular form.The descriptive statistics result show the normality of the data or otherwise. It is part of the reasons why some times researchers use to transform the data for it to be normalised. They take natural log of it to reduce the noise of the data. When a researcher found that the data is not normally distributed after transforming the data probably is because of either of the following reasons:    Table  From the table above the correlation coefficient represented by R appeared to be approximately 0.87 which can be considered as a strong correlation. As for the extent to which the independent variables explains the dependent variables called coefficient of determination which is represented by R 2 is 73% and when strictly look at in more refined form it explains up to 73%. The overall fitness of the model represented by Fstatistic has a value of 16.385 which appeared significant at 1%. This is backed up by the standard error of estimate value of 0.55331which appeared less than the mean of Y. Likewise the tolerance value (TV) and variance inflation factor (VIF) measures the degree to which each independent variable explained the other independent variable. The result of TV and VIF shows that there is lack of multicollinearity among the independent variables which is ideally in order. P-values usually show the individual fitness of each of the variable while F-statistics show the overall fitness of the model but it is not indicating the auto correlation or series correlation that one is Durbin-Watson work. Some people called it DW which stands for Durbin-Watson, it usually show us whether there is auto correlation which according to some authors is within the range of 1.5 to 2.5 anything below 1.5 and above 2.5 signifies series correlation.

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation (i.e. Thesis or Dissertation) or Conclusion (i.e.
Paper/Article):-There is no introduction and no summary at the end of this section/chapter. Nevertheless, this section/chapter contains the following: 4.1 Summary: -this implies the entire summary of the work from the first section/chapter to the last chapter/section. This summary is broader than the ordinary summary of the individual chapter's/ Section's. 4.2 Conclusion: -It is based on the findings from the study that a researcher makes his conclusion concerning the study.The conclusion depends on the number of hypotheses and the findings. The researcher has to harmonise his conclusions with his findings. 4.3 Recommendation: this usually flows only from the findings of the study. Restrict your recommendations to only your findings assuming you have three (3) objectives you are expected to have nothing less than three (3) findings and three (3) recommendations respectively. Therefore, recommendations go along with findings. It can be numbered according to the findings. 4.4 Area for further Research: -Researcher can suggest areas for further study/research but it is optional. Is just that it add the beauty and colour of the work. 4.5 References: this serve as a guide to source materials in which more detailed statistics can be found and which should be checked to assure getting accurate and authoritative information. While bibliography is the list of books on a specific subject by a particular author which is used by an author whether such works were referred to in the paper or not. As such bibliography is more preferable than referencing and it can be in form of American Psychological Association (APA) style or Harvard style.