A Literature Review on the Imidazole

 

Muhammed  Abdel Hasan Shallal

M.Sc  in  Chemistry , Assist .Lecturer ,Thiqar Government ,Iraq

 

 

Abstract

This review  gives  some  information  about  imidazole  ring  as a ( ligand , complex , antimicrobial , antimalarial , anticancer , uses , applications , linked   with  active  groups  such  as  Schiff  base , azo  group , ..).

 

Keywords: Uses, Applications                                                                                                                                                         

 

 

Imidazole ring has five membered ring systems that contain hydrogen binding domain, and electron donor nitrogen system(1-3).The first imidazole was described by Fischer (1882), but the nature of the ring system was demonstrated by Freud and Kuhn (1890)(4-6).

Imidazole are important because their biological activity among their isomer, particularly the imidazole possessed a broad spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial (90)antituberculosis(7-11) antioxidant(12-16) anti-inflammatory(17-20) anticonvulsants(21-25) antidepressant and anxiolytic(26-31) antihypertensive(32-36) anticancer(37-40) and antifungal activity(41-44).

Also,  studying(45) reported thatmany  imidazole derivatives were  dissolved in diluted  acid , and  coupling reaction(46) hours at (0) 0Cto give final product .

Coupling  reaction that containing compounds react with  and  aromatic  primary  amine  to produce  imidazole- azo  dyes (47).These compounds have wide attention   because  of  their  pharmacological activities such as hypertensive agents (48),anticholinergic agents (49),antispasmodics(50), anticancer agents(51), oxo-tremorine antagonists (52) and antibacterial agents (53).

Other  paper(54): synthesizedazo dyes- linked  with  phenol  derivative   from  coupling  reaction   with different   compounds  in presence of  diluted  hydrochloric  acid  to   yield  ligands  then  complexation  with  some  ions :

 

On the other hand , other  paper(55)  reported  that imidazole – mannich  derivatives(56)were  prepared through reaction of  secondary  aromatic   amine  compound with  carbonyl  compound    in presence of  strong   base, this mixture was stirred  for (5) hours  to  formation  many   antibacterial  compounds :

While  studying(57) usedbis- carboxylic  acid and diamine  compounds   in  closure  conditions   under  refluxing  for (6) hrs, then basified to give  imidazole derivative   as  anti- HIV :

 

But  in  paper(58) reacted the imidazolewith triazole in existence of   closure   conditions  in DMF and stirred for (16 ) hours at room temperature  then  refluxing   for (7 ) hrs to give final product  antifungal  compounds:

On the other hand   researcher(59) addedimidazole  ring  to  sulfur   and  nitrogen  compounds   to  formation  compounds  involving   antitumor  activities:

In  new  paper60) reported the preparation ofimidazole   -azo  with  sulphone  compounds   as  antimlaria  compounds:

 

Antmalaria  compounds(61)was yield from reaction of  imidazole  compound  with  active  ring  from  thiadiazole  or  oxadiazole  ring  :

But  other  studying(61)  formatted  hydrazo- imidazole  derivatives  as  antifungal  compounds

 

Paper(62) succeed to   format  imidazole – imine  compounds  fromsubstituted compound reacted with  different aldehydes  under reflux (4) hours.

Other  literature (63):prepared azomethine –imidazole  as analgesic   by reaction of aromatic  aldehydes with  amine   imidazole :

Imidazole  derivative  was   prepared by   reaction  of  benzimidazole(64)with  sulfur  or  disulfide  compounds   to  formation  corrosion  inhibitors  compounds:

Studying(65):  prepared  polymer (vinyl chloride) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran, in reaction with amine under  reflux for (7) hours to give final products   as  a polymers.

Imidazole  in  Mixed  Ligands  , Complex –Mixed , which  prepared  from  condensation  reaction  of  di amine  compounds with  carbonyl  compounds(66) :

Also  in  other  studying  ,  imidazole  ligand  was  prepared   from  sulphone  derivative(67) :

Other   imidazole  compounds  were  prepared   as   drugs  in  medical  fields(68):

But  in  new  studies,  imidazole  compounds  were  prepared   as  antitumor   in  medicinal  fields(69-70):

And  other   paper ,  antibacterial(71-73)sulphonamide    compounds  were  synthesized:

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